Mishneh Torah, Eruvin Chapter 4

Chapter 4

א אַנְּשֵׁי חָצֵר שֶׁהָיוּ כֻּלָּם אוֹכְלִין עַל שֻׁלְחָן אֶחָד אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד יֵשׁ לוֹ בַּיִת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ אֵין צְרִיכִין עֵרוּב מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן כְּאַנְשֵׁי בַּיִת אֶחָד. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁאֵין אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם וּבְנֵי בֵּיתוֹ וַעֲבָדָיו אוֹסְרִין עָלָיו וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְעָרֵב עִמָּהֶן כָּךְ אֵלּוּ כְּאַנְשֵׁי בַּיִת אֶחָד הֵן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן כֻּלָּן סוֹמְכִין עַל שֻׁלְחָן אֶחָד:

1 [In the case] that all the people of the courtyard eat upon one table — even though each and every one has a house for himself — they do not need an eruv, because they are all like the people of one house. And just like a man's wife or his household or his servants do not forbid [him from carrying] and he need not make an eruv with them; so too are these like the people of one house — since they are all relying on one table.

ב וְכֵן אִם הֻצְרְכוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת עֵרוּב עִם אַנְשֵׁי חָצֵר אַחֶרֶת עֵרוּב אֶחָד לְכֻלָּן וּפַת אַחַת בִּלְבַד מוֹלִיכִין לְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם שֶׁמְּעָרְבִין עִמּוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה הָעֵרוּב בָּא אֶצְלָן אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְעָרֵב כְּמוֹ הַבַּיִת שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין בּוֹ הָעֵרוּב שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִתֵּן אֶת הַפַּת שֶׁכָּל אֵלּוּ הַבָּתִּים כְּבַיִת אֶחָד הֵן חֲשׁוּבִין:

2 And likewise if they needed to make an eruv with the people of a different courtyard, they only bring one [portion of the] eruv or one [loaf of] bread to the place where they make the eruv with it. And if the eruv came to them, they do not need to [participate in providing for it] — like the house in which we place the eruv, which does not need to give bread. For all of these houses are considered one house.

ג וְכֵן אַנְשֵׁי חָצֵר שֶׁעֵרְבוּ נַעֲשׂוּ כֻּלָּן כְּבַיִת אֶחָד. וְאִם הֻצְרְכוּ לְעָרֵב עִם חָצֵר שְׁנִיָּה כִּכָּר אֶחָד בִּלְבַד הוּא שֶׁמּוֹלִיכִין עַל יְדֵי כֻּלָּן לַמָּקוֹם שֶׁמְּעָרְבִין בּוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה הָעֵרוּב בָּא אֶצְלָן אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לִתֵּן פַּת:

3 And likewise the people of a courtyard that made an eruv all become like one house. So if they needed to make an eruv with a second courtyard, it is only one loaf that they must bring — on behalf of all of them — to the place that that they make the eruv with it. And if the eruv came to them, they do not need to give bread.

ד חֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁגָּבוּ אֶת הָעֵרוּב לְהוֹלִיכוֹ לְמָקוֹם שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין בּוֹ הָעֵרוּב כְּשֶׁהֵם מוֹלִיכִין אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְהוֹלִיךְ עַל יְדֵי חֲמִשְּׁתָּן אֶלָּא כִּכָּר אַחַת שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁגָּבוּ כֻּלָּן נַעֲשׂוּ כְּאַנְשֵׁי בַּיִת אֶחָד:

4 [In a case of] five [homeowners] that collected the eruv to take it to the place in which the eruv was being placed: When they bring [it], the five of them only have to bring one loaf. For once they collected it, they all became like the people of one house.

ה הָאָב וּבְנוֹ וְהָרַב וְתַלְמִידוֹ שֶׁהֵן שְׁרוּיִין בְּחָצֵר אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְעָרֵב מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן כְּבַיִת אֶחָד. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁפְּעָמִים אוֹכְלִין עַל שֻׁלְחָן אֶחָד וּפְעָמִים אֵינָן אוֹכְלִין הֲרֵי הֵן כְּבַיִת אֶחָד:

5 A father and a son, or a master and his student, that are residing in one courtyard do not need to make an eruv — since they are like one household. And even though they sometimes eat upon one table and sometimes do not eat [like that], they are [still] surely like one household.

ו הָאַחִים שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶם לוֹ בַּיִת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְאֵינָן סוֹמְכִין עַל שֻׁלְחַן אֲבִיהֶן. וְכֵן הַנָּשִׁים אוֹ הָעֲבָדִים שֶׁאֵינָן סוֹמְכִין עַל שֻׁלְחַן בַּעֲלֵיהֶן אוֹ רַבָּן תָּמִיד אֲבָל אוֹכְלִין הֵם עַל שֻׁלְחָנוֹ בִּשְׂכַר מְלָאכָה שֶׁעוֹשִׂין לוֹ אוֹ בְּטוֹבָה יָמִים יְדוּעִין כְּמִי שֶׁסּוֹעֵד אֵצֶל חֲבֵרוֹ שָׁבוּעַ אוֹ חֹדֶשׁ. אִם אֵין עִמָּהֶן דִּיּוּרִין אֲחֵרִים בֶּחָצֵר אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְעָרֵב. וְאִם עֵרְבוּ עִם חָצֵר אַחֶרֶת עֵרוּב אֶחָד לְכֻלָּן. וְאִם בָּא הָעֵרוּב אֶצְלָן אֵין נוֹתְנִין פַּת. וְאִם הָיוּ דִּיּוּרִין עִמָּהֶן בֶּחָצֵר צְרִיכִין פַּת לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד כִּשְׁאָר אַנְשֵׁי הֶחָצֵר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָן סוֹמְכִין עַל שֻׁלְחָן אֶחָד תָּמִיד:

6 [In a case of] brothers all of whom have their own house and do not rely upon their father's table; and likewise wives or servants that do not always rely upon the table of their husbands or masters but rather eat upon his table as reward for the work that they do for him or as a favor for certain days, like one who repasts with his friend for a week or a month: If there are no other domiciles with them in the courtyard, they do not need to make an eruv. And if they made an eruv with another courtyard, they [only] need one eruv for all of them. And if the eruv came to them, they do not need to give bread. But if there were other domiciles with them in the courtyard, they require bread for each and every one of them, like other people in the courtyard — as they do not always rely upon [the same] table.

ז חָמֵשׁ חֲבוּרוֹת שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ בִּטְרַקְלִין אֶחָד. אִם הָיָה מַפְסִיק בֵּין כָּל חֲבוּרָה וַחֲבוּרָה מְחִצָּה הַמַּגַּעַת לַתִּקְרָה הֲרֵי כָּל חֲבוּרָה מֵהֶן כְּאִלּוּ הִיא בְּחֶדֶר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ אוֹ בַּעֲלִיָּה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ לְפִיכָךְ צְרִיכִין פַּת מִכָּל חֲבוּרָה. וְאִם אֵין הַמְּחִצּוֹת מַגִּיעוֹת לַתִּקְרָה כִּכָּר אֶחָד לְכֻלָּן שֶׁכֻּלָּן כְּאַנְשֵׁי בַּיִת אֶחָד חֲשׁוּבִין:

7 [In a case of] five groups that rested (spent Shabbat) in one hall: If there was a partition that reached the ceiling that separated between each and every group, it is surely as if each group of them is in a room by itself or in an attic by itself. Hence, we require bread from each group. But if the partitions do not reach the ceiling, one loaf [is sufficient] for all of them — since all of them are considered like one house.

ח מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ בַּחֲצַר חֲבֵרוֹ בֵּית שַׁעַר שֶׁרַבִּים דּוֹרְסִין בּוֹ אוֹ אַכְסַדְרָה אוֹ מִרְפֶּסֶת אוֹ בֵּית הַבָּקָר אוֹ בֵּית הַתֶּבֶן אוֹ בֵּית הָעֵצִים אוֹ אוֹצָר הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עָלָיו עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ עִמּוֹ בֶּחָצֵר מְקוֹם דִּירָה שֶׁהוּא סוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו לֶאֱכל בּוֹ פִּתּוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִהְיֶה אוֹסֵר עָלָיו עַד שֶׁיְּעָרֵב עִמּוֹ. אֲבָל מְקוֹם לִינָה אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר. לְפִיכָךְ אִם קָבַע לוֹ מָקוֹם לֶאֱכל בּוֹ בְּבֵית שַׁעַר אוֹ בְּאַכְסַדְרָה וּמִרְפֶּסֶת אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עָלָיו לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקוֹם דִּירָה:

8 [In a case of] one who has a gatehouse, a porch, a balcony, a cattle shed, a storeroom of straw, a woodshed or a storehouse in his friend’s courtyard: He surely does not forbid it to [his friend] until he has a place of residence in the courtyard, such that he relies upon it to eat his bread there. [Only] then does he forbid it to him until he makes an eruv with him. But a place for sleeping does not forbid. Hence if he fixed a place to eat in the guardhouse, the veranda or the balcony, he does not forbid it to him, since it is not a place of residence.

ט עֲשָׂרָה בָּתִּים זֶה לִפְנִים מִזֶּה הַבַּיִת הַפְּנִימִי וְהַשֵּׁנִי לוֹ הֵם שֶׁנּוֹתְנִין אֶת הָעֵרוּב וְהַשְּׁמוֹנָה בָּתִּים הַחִיצוֹנִים אֵינָן נוֹתְנִין אֶת הָעֵרוּב הוֹאִיל וְרַבִּים דּוֹרְסִין בָּהֶן הֲרֵי הֵן כְּבֵית שַׁעַר וְהַדָּר בְּבֵית שַׁעַר אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר. אֲבָל הַתְּשִׁיעִי אֵין דּוֹרְסִין בּוֹ רַבִּים אֶלָּא יָחִיד לְפִיכָךְ אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן עֵרוּבוֹ:

9 [In a case of] ten houses — one in front of another — the [most] inner and the second [next] to it give the eruv, but the eight outer houses do not give the eruv. Since the many trample through them, they are like a gatehouse — and one who lives in a gatehouse does not forbid. But the many do not trample through the ninth, but rather [just] an individual [does]. Hence he forbids [carrying] until he give his eruv.

י שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת וּבֵינֵיהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה בָּתִּים פְּתוּחִים זֶה לָזֶה וּפְתוּחִים לַחֲצֵרוֹת וְהֵבִיאוּ בְּנֵי חָצֵר זוֹ עֵרוּבָן דֶּרֶךְ הַבַּיִת הַפָּתוּחַ לָהֶן וְהִנִּיחוּהוּ בְּבַיִת אֶמְצָעִי. וְכֵן הֵבִיאוּ בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר הָאַחֵר עֵרוּבָן דֶּרֶךְ הַפָּתוּחַ לָהֶן וְהִנִּיחוּהוּ בַּבַּיִת הָאֶמְצָעִי. אוֹתָן הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה בָּתִּים אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לִתֵּן אֶת הַפַּת. הָאֶמְצָעִי מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִנִּיחוּ בּוֹ הָעֵרוּב וְהַשְּׁנַיִם שֶׁמִּצְּדָדָיו מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן בֵּית שַׁעַר לְאַנְשֵׁי חָצֵר:

10 [In a case of] two courtyards, between which are three houses that are open to each other and [the outer ones of which] are open to the courtyards — and the residents of this courtyard brought their eruv through the house that was open to them and placed it down in the middle house; and likewise the residents of the other courtyard brought their eruv through the house that was open to them and placed it down in the middle house: These three houses do not need to give the bread — the middle one, since the eruv was placed in it; and the two on its sides, since each one of them is a gate house for the people of the courtyard.

יא שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת וּשְׁנֵי בָּתִּים פְּתוּחִין זֶה לָזֶה בֵּינֵיהֶן וְהֵבִיאוּ אֵלּוּ עֵרוּבָן דֶּרֶךְ הַבַּיִת הַפָּתוּחַ לָהֶן וְהִנִּיחוּהוּ בַּבַּיִת הַשֵּׁנִי הַסָּמוּךְ לֶחָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת וְהֵבִיאוּ אֵלּוּ עֵרוּבָן דֶּרֶךְ הַפֶּתַח הַסָּמוּךְ לָהֶן וְהִנִּיחוּהוּ בַּבַּיִת הָאַחֵר. שְׁתֵּיהֶן לֹא קָנוּ עֵרוּב. שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן הִנִּיחַ עֵרוּבוֹ בְּבֵית שַׁעַר שֶׁל חָצֵר אַחֶרֶת:

11 [In a case of] two courtyards, between which are two houses — and these brought their eruv through the house that was open to them and placed it down in the second house adjacent to the other courtyard; and likewise those brought their eruv through the house that was open to them and placed it down in the other house: Neither of them acquired an eruv — as each one placed his eruv in the guardhouse of the other courtyard.

יב אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁהָיָה גּוֹסֵס אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹסֵר עַל בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר עַד שֶׁיְּזַכּוּ לוֹ בְּפַת וִיעָרְבוּ עָלָיו. וְכֵן קָטָן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לֶאֱכל כַּזַּיִת הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ עָלָיו. אֲבָל הָאוֹרֵחַ אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר לְעוֹלָם כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:

12 [In a case in which] one of the residents of the courtyard was dying — even though he is not able to live through the day: He surely forbids the residents of the household until they acquire [part] of the bread for him and make an eruv together with him. And likewise a child surely forbids [them] until they make an eruv together with him — even though he is not able to eat a kazayit. But a guest never forbids, as we have explained.

יג אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי חָצֵר שֶׁהִנִּיחַ בֵּיתוֹ וְהָלַךְ וְשָׁבַת בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת אֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה סְמוּכָה לַחֲצֵרוֹ. אִם הִסִּיעַ מִלִּבּוֹ וְאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר לְבֵיתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶן. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. אֲבָל עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים אֲפִלּוּ הָלַךְ לִשְׁבֹּת בְּעִיר אַחֶרֶת אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶן עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂכְּרוּ מִמֶּנּוּ מְקוֹמוֹ שֶׁהֲרֵי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיָּבוֹא בְּשַׁבָּת:

13 [In a case of] one of the residents of the courtyard who leaves his place and rests (spends Shabbat) in another courtyard — even if it was adjacent to his courtyard: If he removes it from his heart and he does have in mind to return to his house on Shabbat — he surely does not forbid them. To what are these words applicable? To an Israelite. But an idolater forbids them — even if he went to rest in another city — until they rent his place. For it is surely possible that he will [return] on Shabbat.

יד בַּעַל הֶחָצֵר שֶׁהִשְׂכִּיר מִבָּתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹ לַאֲחֵרִים וְהִנִּיחַ לוֹ כֵּלִים אוֹ מִינֵי סְחוֹרָה בְּכָל בַּיִת וּבַיִת מֵהֶן אֵינָן אוֹסְרִין עָלָיו הוֹאִיל וְיֵשׁ לוֹ תְּפִיסַת יָד בְּכָל בַּיִת מֵהֶן נַעֲשׂוּ הַכּל כְּאוֹרְחִין אֶצְלוֹ. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּשֶׁהִנִּיחַ שָׁם דָּבָר שֶׁאָסוּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת כְּגוֹן טֶבֶל וַעֲשָׁשִׁיּוֹת. אֲבָל אִם נִשְׁאַר לוֹ בְּכָל בַּיִת מֵהֶן כֵּלִים שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְטַלְטְלָן הוֹאִיל וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיּוֹצִיאֵם הַיּוֹם וְלֹא יִשָּׁאֵר לוֹ שָׁם תְּפִיסַת יָד הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אוֹסְרִין עָלָיו עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ:

14 [In a case of] an owner of a courtyard that rents some of the houses of his courtyards to others but leaves some of his vessels or types of merchandise in each and every one of the houses: [The renters] do not forbid it to him — since he has a holding in every one of the houses, they all become like guests towards him. To what are these words applicable? When he left something there that is forbidden to move on Shabbat, such as untithed produce and lanterns. But if he left vessels that are permissible to move in each one of the houses — since it is possible that he will transport them out today and he not have a holding remain there, they surely forbid it to him until they make an eruv.

טו אַנְשֵׁי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁשָּׁכְחוּ וְלֹא עֵרְבוּ אֵין מוֹצִיאִים מִבָּתִּים לְחָצֵר וְלֹא מֵחָצֵר לְבָתִּים אֲבָל מְטַלְטְלִין הֵן כֵּלִים שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ בֶּחָצֵר בְּכָל הֶחָצֵר וּבְכָל הַנֶּחְשָׁב עִם הֶחָצֵר. וְאִם הָיְתָה שָׁם מִרְפֶּסֶת אוֹ עֲלִיָּה וְעֵרְבוּ אַנְשֵׁי הֶחָצֵר לְעַצְמָן וְאַנְשֵׁי הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת לְעַצְמָן. אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת אוֹ אַנְשֵׁי הָעֲלִיָּה מְטַלְטְלִין כֵּלִים שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ בְּבָתֵּיהֶן בְּכָל הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת וּבְכָל הַנֶּחְשָׁב עִמָּהּ אוֹ בְּכָל רֹחַב הָעֲלִיָּה וּבְכָל הַנֶּחְשָׁב עִמָּהּ. וְאַנְשֵׁי הֶחָצֵר מְטַלְטְלִין בְּכָל הֶחָצֵר וּבְכָל הַנֶּחְשָׁב עִמָּהּ. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה יָחִיד דָּר בְּחָצֵר וְיָחִיד דָּר בַּעֲלִיָּה וְשָׁכְחוּ וְלֹא עֵרְבוּ. זֶה מְטַלְטֵל בְּכָל הָעֲלִיָּה וְהַנֶּחְשָׁב עִמָּהּ וְזֶה מְטַלְטֵל בְּכָל הֶחָצֵר וְהַנֶּחְשָׁב עִמָּהּ:

15 [If] the people of a courtyard forget to make an eruv, they may not transport from the houses out to the courtyard, nor from the courtyard to the houses. But they may move vessels that rested in the courtyard throughout all of the courtyard and throughout all that is thought of together with the courtyard. And if there was [also] a [communal] balcony or attic and the people of the courtyard made an eruv for themselves and the people of the balcony made an eruv for themselves, the people of the balcony or the people of the attic may move vessels that rested in their houses throughout all of the balcony and all that is thought of together with it or throughout all of the attic and all that is thought of together with it; and the people of the courtyard may move [things] throughout all of the courtyard and all that is thought of together with it. And likewise if there was an individual living in the courtyard and an individual living in the attic and they forget and did not make an eruv, this one may carry in the whole attic and in that which is thought of together with it, and that one may carry in the whole courtyard and in that which is thought of together with it.

טז כֵּיצַד. הַסֶּלַע אוֹ תֵּל וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הֶחָצֵר אִם אֵינָן גְּבוֹהִין עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶחְשָׁבִין בֵּין הֶחָצֵר וּבֵין הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת וּשְׁנֵיהֶן אֲסוּרִין לְהוֹצִיא שָׁם כֵּלִים שֶׁבַּבָּתִּים. וְאִם גְּבוֹהִין עֲשָׂרָה וְהָיָה בֵּינֵיהֶן וּבֵין הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶחְשָׁבִין עִם הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת שֶׁהֲרֵי הֵן שָׁוִין לָהּ וּבְנֵי מִרְפֶּסֶת מֻתָּרִין בָּהֶם. וְאִם הָיוּ רְחוֹקִין מִן הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים אוֹ יֶתֶר עַל כֵּן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגְּבוֹהִין עֲשָׂרָה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בִּכְלַל הֶחָצֵר וְהַמִּרְפֶּסֶת לְפִי שֶּׁשְּׁנֵיהֶן אֶפְשָׁר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן עַל יְדֵי זְרִיקָה. לְפִיכָךְ שְׁנֵיהֶן אֲסוּרִין לְהוֹצִיא לְשָׁם כְּלֵי הַבָּתִּים עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ. הָיְתָה מַצֵּבָה רְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים לִפְנֵי הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת אֵין הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת אוֹסֶרֶת עַל בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁהֲרֵי נֶחְלְקָה מֵהֶן:

16 How is this? [In a case of] a boulder or a mound or that which is similar to it within a courtyard: If they are not ten [handbreadths] tall, they are surely thought of [as being] between the courtyard and the balcony; so both are forbidden to transport vessels in their houses [to] there. But if they were ten tall and there was less than four handbreadths between them and the balcony, they are surely thought of with the balcony — since they are even with it — so the residents of the balcony are permitted with them. But if they were four handbreadths or more away from the balcony — even though their height was ten — they are surely part of the courtyard and the balcony, since both of them can use them by way of throwing. Hence it is forbidden for both of them to transport vessels of the houses to there until they make an eruv. [If] there was a four handbreadths wide barrier in front of the balcony, the balcony does not forbid for the residents of the courtyard, since it is surely separated from them.

יז זִיזִין הַיּוֹצְאִין מִן הַכְּתָלִים. כָּל שֶׁהוּא לְמַטָּה מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים הֲרֵי זֶה נֶחְשָׁב מִן הֶחָצֵר וּבְנֵי הֶחָצֵר מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בּוֹ. וְכָל שֶׁהוּא בְּתוֹךְ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים הָעֶלְיוֹנִים הַסְּמוּכִין לַעֲלִיָּה. אַנְשֵׁי עֲלִיָּה מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בּוֹ וְהַנִּשְׁאָר בֵּין עֲשָׂרָה הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים עַד תְּחִלַּת עֲשָׂרָה הָעֶלְיוֹנִים מִן הַזִּיזִין הַיּוֹצְאִין שָׁם שְׁנֵיהֶן אֲסוּרִין בּוֹ וְאֵין מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בָּהֶן בַּכֵּלִים שֶׁבַּבָּתִּים אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עֵרְבוּ:

17 [Regarding] ledges that come out of the wall: Whenever it is below ten [handbreadths], it is surely considered part of the courtyard and the residents of the courtyard may use it. And whenever it is within the top ten handbreadths adjacent to the attic, the people of the attic may use it. And both (those that dwell in the courtyard and in the attic) are forbidden on the remainder of the ledges between the bottom ten until the beginning of the highest ten; and they may not use them for vessels in the houses unless they made an eruv.

יח בּוֹר שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר אִם הָיָה מָלֵא פֵּרוֹת טְבָלִים שֶׁאָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָן בְּשַׁבָּת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן הֲרֵי הוּא וְחֻלְיָתוֹ כְּסֶלַע אוֹ תֵּל שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר. אִם הָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וְהָיָה סָמוּךְ לַמִּרְפֶּסֶת הֲרֵי הוּא נֶחְשָׁב עִם הַמִּרְפֶּסֶת. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה מָלֵא מַיִם אֵין בְּנֵי חָצֵר וְלֹא בְּנֵי מִרְפֶּסֶת מַכְנִיסִין מִמֶּנּוּ לַבָּתִּים עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ:

18 [In the case of] a pit in the courtyard: If it was full of untithed fruit or that which is similar to them, it and its ring are surely like a boulder or a mound in a courtyard. If it was ten high and adjacent to the balcony, it is surely considered [to be] with the balcony. But if it was full of water, neither the residents of the courtyard nor the residents of the balcony may transport from it to the houses until they make an eruv.

יט שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת זוֹ לִפְנִים מִזּוֹ וְאַנְשֵׁי הַפְּנִימִית יוֹצְאִין וְנִכְנָסִין וְעוֹבְרִין עַל הַחִיצוֹנָה. עֵרְבָה הַפְּנִימִית וְלֹא עֵרְבָה הַחִיצוֹנָה הַפְּנִימִית מֻתֶּרֶת וְהַחִיצוֹנָה אֲסוּרָה. עֵרְבָה הַחִיצוֹנָה וְלֹא עֵרְבָה הַפְּנִימִית שְׁתֵּיהֶן אֲסוּרוֹת. הַפְּנִימִית מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא עֵרְבָה וְהַחִיצוֹנָה מִפְּנֵי אֵלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא עֵרְבוּ שֶׁעוֹבְרִין עֲלֵיהֶן. עֵרְבוּ זוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ וְזוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ וְזוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ אֲבָל אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ:

19 [In a case of] two courtyards — one inside the other — and the the people of the inner one go in and out and pass through the outer one: If an eruv was made in the inner one, but an eruv was not made in the outer one, the inner one is permitted and the outer one is forbidden. If an eruv was made in the outer one, but an eruv was not made in the inner one, they are both forbidden — the inner one because they did not make an eruv; and the outer one because of those ones that did not make an eruv that pass through them. [If] they made an eruv for [the inner one] for itself and for [the outer one] for itself, this one is permitted for itself and that one is permitted for itself; but we may not carry from this one to that one.

כ שָׁכַח אֶחָד מִן הַחִיצוֹנָה וְלֹא עֵרֵב הַפְּנִימִית בְּהֶתֵּרָהּ עוֹמֶדֶת. שָׁכַח אֶחָד מִן בְּנֵי הַפְּנִימִית וְלֹא עֵרֵב עִמָּהֶן אַף הַחִיצוֹנָה אֲסוּרָה מִפְּנֵי אֵלּוּ בְּנֵי הַפְּנִימִית שֶׁלֹּא עָלָה לָהֶן עֵרוּב שֶׁהֵן עוֹבְרִין עֲלֵיהֶן:

20 [If a householder] from the outer one forgot and did not make an eruv, the inner one remains in its [status of] permission. [If] one of the residents of the inner one forgot and did not make an eruv with [its other residents], the outer one is also forbidden on account of the residents of the inner one passing through, the eruv for whom had not become effective for them.

כא עָשׂוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן עֵרוּב אֶחָד אִם הִנִּיחוּהוּ בַּחִיצוֹנָה וְשָׁכַח אֶחָד מֵהֶן וְלֹא עֵרֵב בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה מִבְּנֵי הַחִיצוֹנָה בֵּין מִבְּנֵי הַפְּנִימִית שְׁתֵּיהֶן אֲסוּרוֹת עַד שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל לָהֶן שֶׁהֲרֵי בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁמְּבַטְּלִין מֵחָצֵר לֶחָצֵר. וְאִם הִנִּיחוּ עֵרוּבָן בַּפְּנִימִית וְשָׁכַח אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַחִיצוֹנָה וְלֹא עֵרֵב הַחִיצוֹנָה אֲסוּרָה וּפְנִימִית מֻתֶּרֶת בִּמְקוֹמָהּ. שָׁכַח אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַפְּנִימִית וְלֹא עֵרֵב שְׁתֵּיהֶן אֲסוּרוֹת עַד שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל לָהֶן:

21 [If] they both made one eruv: If they placed it in the outer one and one of them forgot and did not [participate in] the eruv — whether he was a resident of the inner one or a resident of the outer one — they are both forbidden until he nullifies [his domain] to them. For we have surely explained that we may nullify [a domain] from one courtyard to [another] courtyard. But if they place their eruv in the inner one and one of the residents of the outer one forgot and did not [participate in] the eruv, the outer one is forbidden but the inner one is permitted in its place. However if one of the residents of the inner one forgot and did not [participate in] the eruv, both of them are forbidden until he nullifies [his domain] to them.

כב הָיָה אֶחָד דָּר בֶּחָצֵר זוֹ וְאֶחָד דָּר בֶּחָצֵר זוֹ אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְעָרֵב אֶלָּא כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּכָל חֲצֵרוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת בַּפְּנִימִית אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא אֶחָד הֲרֵי הוּא כְּרַבִּים וְאוֹסֵר עַל הַחִיצוֹנָה עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂכְּרוּ מְקוֹמוֹ:

22 [If only] one person lived in this courtyard and one person lived in that courtyard, they need not make an eruv. Rather each one of them may use all of his [own] courtyard. But if there was an idolater in the inner one — even though he is only one person — he is surely like many, and forbids the outer one until [the idolater's] place is rented.

כג שָׁלֹשׁ חֲצֵרוֹת הַפְּתוּחוֹת זוֹ לָזוֹ וְרַבִּים בְּכָל חָצֵר מֵהֶן. עֵרְבוּ שְׁתַּיִם הַחִיצוֹנוֹת עִם הָאֶמְצָעִית הִיא מֻתֶּרֶת עִמָּהֶן וְהֵן מֻתָּרוֹת עִמָּהּ וּשְׁתַּיִם הַחִיצוֹנוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת זוֹ עִם זוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשׂוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן עֵרוּב אֶחָד. הָיָה בְּכָל חָצֵר מֵהֶן אֶחָד אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרַבִּים דּוֹרְסִין בַּחִיצוֹנָה אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְעָרֵב שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן מֻתָּר בִּמְקוֹמוֹ. הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם בַּפְּנִימִית הוֹאִיל וְהֵן אֲסוּרִין בִּמְקוֹמָן עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ הֲרֵי הֵן אוֹסְרִין עַל הַיְחִידִים שֶׁבָּאֶמְצָעִית וְשֶׁבַּחִיצוֹנָה עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ שְׁנַיִם שֶׁבַּפְּנִימִית. זֶה הַכְּלָל רֶגֶל הָאֲסוּרָה בִּמְקוֹמָהּ אוֹסֶרֶת שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹמָהּ וְרֶגֶל הַמֻּתֶּרֶת בִּמְקוֹמָהּ אֵינָהּ אוֹסֶרֶת שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹמָהּ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעוֹבֶרֶת עֲלֵיהֶן:

23 [In a case of] three courtyards that are open to one another and there are many people in each of them: [If] the two outer ones made an eruv with the middle one, it is permitted with them and they are permitted with it; but the two outer ones are forbidden with each other until the three of them make one eruv. [If ] there was [only] one person in each one of the courtyards — even though many trample the outer one — they do not need to make an eruv, such that each one of them is permitted in his place. [If] there were two in the inner one: Since they forbid the inner one until they make an eruv, they surely forbid the individuals in the middle one and the outer one until the two in the inner one make an eruv. This is the general principle: A foot that is forbidden in its place forbids outside of its place; and a foot that is permitted in its place does not forbid outside of its place on account of passing through them.

כד שְׁתֵּי כְּצוֹצְטְרִיּוֹת זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ שֶׁהֵן לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמַּיִם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשְׂתָה כָּל אַחַת מֵהֶן מְחִצָּה גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים יוֹרֶדֶת מִכָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת. אִם הָיוּ שְׁתֵּי הַכְּצוֹצְטְרִיּוֹת בְּתוֹךְ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין לְמַלְּאוֹת עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן עֵרוּב אֶחָד מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן כִּכְצוֹצְטְרָא אַחַת. וְאִם הָיָה בֵּין הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה יוֹתֵר עַל עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְעֵרְבָה זוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ וְזוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן מֻתָּרוֹת לְמַלְּאוֹת:

24 [In a case of] two balconies — one above the other — that are above the water: Even though each one of them made a partition ten handbreadths tall that goes down from each one of them — if the two balconies were within ten handbreadths, they are surely forbidden from drawing [water] until they both make one eruv, since they are like one balcony. But if there was more than ten handbreadths between the higher one and the lower one, and this one made an eruv for itself and that one made an eruv for itself — they are both permitted to draw [water].

כה לֹא עָשְׂתָה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה מְחִצָּה וְעָשְׂתָה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה אַף הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה אֲסוּרָה לְמַלְּאוֹת מִפְּנֵי דְּלִי שֶׁל בְּנֵי הָעֶלְיוֹנָה שֶׁהֵן אֲסוּרִין שֶׁעוֹבֵר עָלֶיהָ. עָשְׂתָה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה מְחִצָּה וְלֹא עָשְׂתָה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה הָעֶלְיוֹנָה מֻתֶּרֶת לְמַלְּאוֹת וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה אֲסוּרָה. וְאִם נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ בְּנֵי הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עִם בְּנֵי הָעֶלְיוֹנָה בַּמְּחִצָּה שֶׁעָשׂוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן אֲסוּרוֹת לְמַלְּאוֹת עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ עֵרוּב אֶחָד:

25 [If] the higher one did not make a partition, and the lower one did — the lower one is also forbidden to draw [water] because of the passing through it of the pail of the residents of the higher one which are forbidden. [If] the higher one makes a partition and the lower does not, the higher one is permitted to draw [water], but the lower one is forbidden. However if the residents of the lower one partnered with the residents of the higher one on the partition that they both built, they are forbidden to draw [water] until they make one eruv.

כו שָׁלֹשׁ דִּיאֲטוֹת זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ עֶלְיוֹנָה וְתַחְתּוֹנָה שֶׁל אֶחָד וְאֶמְצָעִית שֶׁל אֶחָד לֹא יְשַׁלְשֵׁל מִן הָעֶלְיוֹנָה לַתַּחְתּוֹנָה דֶּרֶךְ אֶמְצָעִית שֶׁאֵין מְשַׁלְשְׁלִין מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת דֶּרֶךְ רְשׁוּת אַחֵר. אֲבָל מְשַׁלְשֵׁל הוּא מִן הָעֶלְיוֹנָה לְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה שֶׁלֹּא דֶּרֶךְ אֶמְצָעִית:

26 [In a case of] three attics — one above the other — [and] the higher one and lower one belong to one person whereas the middle belongs to [another] person: [The owner of the higher one] may not lower [something] from the higher one to the lower one through the middle one. For we may not lower [things] from one domain to [another] domain through a [third] domain. But he may lower [something] from the higher one to the lower one not through the middle one.

כז שְׁתֵּי דִּיאֲטוֹת זוֹ כְּנֶגֶד זוֹ וְחָצֵר אַחַת תַּחְתֵּיהֶן שֶׁשּׁוֹפְכִין לְתוֹכָהּ הַמַּיִם לֹא יִשְׁפְּכוּ לְתוֹכָהּ עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן עֵרוּב אֶחָד. עָשׂוּ מִקְצָתָן עוּקָה בֶּחָצֵר לִשְׁפֹּךְ בָּהּ הַמַּיִם וּמִקְצָתָן לֹא עָשׂוּ. אֵלּוּ שֶׁעָשׂוּ שׁוֹפְכִים לָעוּקָה שֶׁלָּהֶן וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא עָשׂוּ לֹא יִשְׁפְּכוּ לַחֲצֵר עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ. וְאִם עָשׂוּ אֵלּוּ עוּקָה וְאֵלּוּ עוּקָה כָּל אַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּיהֶן שׁוֹפֶכֶת לָעוּקָה שֶׁלָּהֶן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא עֵרְבוּ:

27 [In a case of] two attics — one across from the other — and a courtyard beneath them into which they dump water: They may not dump into it until they make one eruv. [If] some of them made a pit into which to dump the water and some did not make a pit — these that made [one] may pour into their pit, and those that did not make [one] may not pour into the courtyard until they make an eruv. But if these made a pit and those made a pit, each one of the two of them may dump into their pit — even though they did not make an eruv.

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