Mishneh Torah, Eruvin Chapter 5

Chapter 5

א אַנְּשֵׁי מָבוֹי שֶׁהָיָה בֵּינֵיהֶן שִׁתּוּף בְּמַאֲכָל אֶחָד לְעִנְיַן סְחוֹרָה כְּגוֹן שֶׁקָּנוּ יַיִן בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת אוֹ שֶׁמֶן אוֹ דְּבַשׁ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אֵינָן צְרִיכִין שִׁתּוּף אַחֵר לְעִנְיַן שַׁבָּת אֶלָּא סוֹמְכִין עַל שִׁתּוּף שֶׁל סְחוֹרָה. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַמִּין שֶׁהֵן שֻׁתָּפִין בּוֹ מִין אֶחָד וּבִכְלִי אֶחָד. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן שֻׁתָּף לָזֶה בְּיַיִן וּלְאַחֵר בְּשֶׁמֶן אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה הַכּל יַיִן וְהָיָה בִּשְׁנֵי כֵּלִים הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ צְרִיכִין שִׁתּוּף אַחֵר לְעִנְיַן שַׁבָּת:

1 The people of an alley that had a partnership in a certain food for trade purposes — such as if they acquired wine in a partnership, or oil, or honey or that which is similar to them — do not require another [ eruv ] for the purposes of Shabbat. Rather they may rely upon the merchandise of the partnership. And this is so long as the merchandise in which they are partners is of one type and in one vessel. But if this one was partnered with that one with wine, and with another one with oil — or all of it was wine but it was in two vessels — they surely require another [ eruv ] for the purposes of Shabbat.

ב אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי שֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ מֵחֲבֵרוֹ יַיִן אוֹ שֶׁמֶן קֹדֶם הַשַּׁבָּת וְלֹא נָתַן לוֹ בָּטַל הַשִּׁתּוּף. שֶׁהֲרֵי גִּלָּה דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁאֵינָן כֻּלָּן כְּשֻׁתָּפִין שֶׁאֵין מַקְפִּידִין זֶה עַל זֶה. אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי שֶׁרָגִיל לְהִשְׁתַּתֵּף עִם בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּתֵּף. בְּנֵי מָבוֹי נִכְנָסִין לְבֵיתוֹ וְנוֹטְלִין מִמֶּנּוּ שִׁתּוּף בְּעַל כָּרְחוֹ. וְאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה לְהִשְׁתַּתֵּף כְּלָל עִם בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לְהִשְׁתַּתֵּף עִמָּהֶן:

2 [If one of the] residents of the alley requested wine or oil from his fellow before Shabbat and he did not give it to him, he [thereby] nullified it (as an eruv). For he surely revealed his thought that they are not all like partners whom are not exacting with one another (and would fulfill each other's requests). [If] one of the residents of the alley who is accustomed to participate [in the eruv ] did not participate, the residents of the alley may enter his house and take [his portion] from him against his will. And they may force one of the residents of the alley who does not want to participate with the residents of the alley at all to participate with them.

ג אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ אוֹצָר שֶׁל יַיִן אוֹ שֶׁמֶן וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן הֲרֵי זֶה מְזַכֶּה מִמֶּנּוּ מְעַט לְכָל בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי לְהִשְׁתַּתֵּף בּוֹ וּמְעָרֵב בּוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִפְרִישׁוֹ וְלֹא יִחֲדוֹ אֶלָּא הֲרֵי הוּא מְעֹרָב בָּאוֹצָר הֲרֵי זֶה שִׁתּוּף:

3 One of the residents of the alley who had a storehouse of wine or oil or that which is similar to them may surely acquire a little of it for all of the residents of the alley with which to participate, and make an eruv for them with it. And even though he did not separate it or designate it, but it is rather surely mixed up in the storehouse, it is surely an [ eruv ].

ד חָצֵר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ שְׁנֵי פְּתָחִים לִשְׁנֵי מְבוֹאוֹת אִם נִשְׁתַּתְּפָה עִם אֶחָד מֵהֶן בִּלְבַד נֶאֶסְרָה בַּמָּבוֹי הַשֵּׁנִי וְאֵינָהּ מוֹצִיאָה וּמַכְנִיסָה בּוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם זִכָּה אֶחָד בְּשִׁתּוּף לְכָל בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי וְשִׁתֵּף עֲלֵיהֶן צָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעַ לְאַנְשֵׁי הֶחָצֵר זוֹ. שֶׁאֵינָן מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין אֶלָּא מִדַּעְתָּן שֶׁאֵינָהּ זְכוּת לָהֶן שֶׁמָּא בַּמָּבוֹי הַשֵּׁנִי רוֹצִים לְהִשְׁתַּתֵּף וְלֹא בָּזֶה:

4 [In a case of] a courtyard that has two entrances to two alleys: If it joins with only one of them, the second alley becomes forbidden and [the residents of the courtyard] may not transport out of and into it. Hence if one acquired an [ eruv ] for all of the residents of the alley and joined for them, he must inform the people of that courtyard. For we do not join [people to an alley's eruv ] without their knowledge, since it is not [necessarily] a benefit for them — as they may want to join with the second alley and not with this [one].

ה אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם מְעָרֶבֶת לוֹ שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יֶאֱסרוֹ עַל שְׁכֵנָיו. אֲבָל אִם אוֹסֵר אֵינָהּ מְעָרֶבֶת עָלָיו וְלֹא מִשְׁתַּתֶּפֶת עָלָיו אֶלָּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ. כֵּיצַד אוֹסֵר. כְּגוֹן שֶׁאָמַר אֵינִי מְעָרֵב עִמָּכֶם אוֹ אֵינִי מִשְׁתַּתֵּף עִמָּכֶם:

5 A man's wife may [participate] for him in the eruv without his knowledge. And that is so long as he does not make it forbidden for his neighbors. But if he forbids [it], she may only [participate in the courtyard] eruv or join [in the one for an alley] for him with his knowledge. How does he forbid [it]? For example, [if] he said, "I do not want to [participate] in the courtyard eruv or join [in the one for the alley] with you."

ו נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ אַנְשֵׁי חָצֵר זוֹ עִם אֶחָד מִשְׁנִי הַמְּבוֹאוֹת אִם בְּמִין אֶחָד נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ אֲפִלּוּ כָּלָה אוֹתוֹ הַמִּין הֲרֵי זֶה עוֹשֶׂה שִׁתּוּף אַחֵר וּמְזַכֶּה לָהֶן וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעָם פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה. וְאִם בִּשְׁנֵי מִינִין נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ וְנִתְמַעֵט הָאֹכֶל מוֹסִיף וּמְזַכֶּה וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעָן. וְאִם כָּלוּ מְזַכֶּה לָהֶם וְצָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעָם. נִתְוַסְּפוּ שְׁכֵנִים בֶּחָצֵר זוֹ מְזַכֶּה לָהֶם וְצָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעָם:

6 [In a case in which] the people of this courtyard join with one of the two alleys: If they joined with one type [of food], one may surely make [another such eruv afterwards] and acquire it for them; and he does not need to inform them a second time. But if it was with two types — [if] they joined and the food was lessened, one may add and acquire [it for them], and there is no need to inform them; however if it is all of it, he may acquire it for them, but he must inform them. If neighbors were added to this courtyard, he may acquire it for them, but he must inform them.

ז נִשְׁתַּתְּפָה חָצֵר זוֹ עִם בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי זֶה מִפֶּתַח זֶה וְעִם בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי הַשֵּׁנִי מִן הַפֶּתַח הָאַחֵר מֻתֶּרֶת עִם שְׁנֵיהֶן וְהֵן מֻתָּרִין עִמָּהּ וּשְׁנֵי הַמְּבוֹאוֹת אֲסוּרִין זֶה עִם זֶה. לֹא עֵרְבָה עִם אֶחָד מֵהֶם אוֹסֶרֶת עַל שְׁנֵיהֶן:

7 [If] this courtyard joined with the residents of this alley through this entrance and with the residents of the second alley through another entrance, it is permitted with both of them and they are permitted with it. But the two alleys are forbidden one with the other. If it did not make an eruv with either of them, it forbids both of them.

ח הָיְתָה חָצֵר זוֹ רְגִילָה בְּפֶתַח אֶחָד וְהַפֶּתַח הַשֵּׁנִי אֵינָהּ רְגִילָה. זֶה שֶׁרְגִילָה לְהִכָּנֵס וְלָצֵאת בּוֹ אוֹסֵר וְשֶׁאֵינָהּ רְגִילָה בּוֹ אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר. עֵרְבָה עִם מָבוֹי שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְגִילָה בּוֹ הֻתַּר הַמָּבוֹי הָאַחֵר לְעַצְמוֹ וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְעָרֵב עִמָּהּ:

8 [If] this courtyard was accustomed to [using] one entrance, and it was not accustomed [to using] the second entrance — the one [through which] they were accustomed to going in and coming out forbids; but the one [through which] they were not accustomed does not forbid. If the courtyard made an eruv with the alley in which it was not accustomed — the other alley is permitted for itself, and there is no need to make an eruv with it.

ט עֵרְבוּ בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי שֶׁהִיא רְגִילָה בּוֹ לְעַצְמָן וְהִיא לֹא עֵרְבָה עִמּוֹ וְלֹא עִם בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי הָאַחֵר שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְגִילָה בּוֹ וְגַם לֹא עֵרְבוּ בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְגִילָה בּוֹ. דּוֹחִין אוֹתָהּ אֵצֶל זֶה הַמָּבוֹי שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְגִילָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא עֵרֵב. הוֹאִיל וְהִיא לֹא עֵרְבָה וְהוּא לֹא עֵרֵב דּוֹחִין אוֹתָהּ אֶצְלוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תֶּאֱסֹר עַל מָבוֹי זֶה שֶׁעֵרֵב לְעַצְמוֹ:

9 [In the case that] the residents of the alley that it was accustomed with made an eruv for themselves, but [the courtyard] did not make an eruv with it, nor with with the residents of the alley to which it was not accustomed; and the residents of the alley with which it was not accustomed also did not make an eruv: We push it towards this courtyard to which it is not accustomed, since it did not make an eruv. Because [the courtyard] did not make an eruv and the [alley also] did not make an eruv — we push it towards it, so that it not forbid this alley that made an eruv for itself.

י חָצֵר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ פֶּתַח לְמָבוֹי וּפֶתַח אַחֵר לְבִקְעָה אוֹ לְקַרְפָּף יֶתֶר מִבֵּית סָאתַיִם הוֹאִיל וְאָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל מֵחָצֵר לְאוֹתוֹ הַקַּרְפָּף אֵינוֹ סוֹמֵךְ אֶלָּא עַל פֶּתַח שֶׁל מָבוֹי לְפִיכָךְ אוֹסֵר עַל בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי עַד שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּתֵּף עִמָּהֶן. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה הַקַּרְפָּף בֵּית סָאתַיִם אוֹ פָּחוֹת אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עַל בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי שֶׁעַל הַפֶּתַח הַמְיֻחָד לוֹ סוֹמֵךְ הוֹאִיל וּמֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל בְּכָל הַקַּרְפָּף:

10 [In the case of] a courtyard that has an entrance to an alley and another entrance to a glen or an enclosure that was more than two beit seah: Since it is forbidden to carry from the courtyard to this enclosure, it may only rely upon the entrance to the alley. Hence, it forbids the residents of the alley until it joins [in an eruv ] with them. But if the enclosure was two beit seah or less, [the courtyard] does not forbid the residents of the alley — as it relies on the entrance designated for [the enclosure], since it is permitted to carry in the whole enclosure.

יא אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי מָבוֹי שֶׁהָלַךְ לִשְׁבֹּת בְּמָבוֹי אַחֵר אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶן. וְכֵן אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי מָבוֹי שֶׁבָּנָה מַצֵּבָה רְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים עַל פִּתְחוֹ אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶן שֶׁהֲרֵי הִפְרִישׁ עַצְמוֹ מֵהֶן וְחָלַק רְשׁוּתוֹ:

11 One of the residents of the alley that went to rest (spend Shabbat) in another alley does not forbid them (and need not join their eruv). And likewise one of the residents of the alley who built a barrier four handbreadths wide at his entrance does not forbid them — as he surely removed himself and separated his domain.

יב אַנְשֵׁי מָבוֹי שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּתְּפוּ מִקְצָתָן וְשָׁכְחוּ מִקְצָתָן וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ מְבַטְּלִין רְשׁוּתָן לְאֵלּוּ שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּתְּפוּ. וְדִינָם לְעִנְיַן בִּטּוּל רְשׁוּת כְּדִין אַנְשֵׁי חָצֵר שֶׁשָּׁכַח אֶחָד מֵהֶן אוֹ שְׁנַיִם וְלֹא עֵרְבוּ. וּכְבָר אָמַרְנוּ שֶׁכָּל אָדָם עִם אַנְשֵׁי בֵּיתוֹ הַסְּמוּכִים עַל שֻׁלְחָנוֹ כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד הֵן חֲשׁוּבִין בֵּין לְעֵרוּבֵי חֲצֵרוֹת בֵּין לְשִׁתּוּפֵי מְבוֹאוֹת:

12 [If] some of the people of the alley participated and some forgot and did not participate — these may nullify their domains to those that participated. And their law regarding nullification is like the law for the people of a courtyard in which one or two forgot and did not [participate in] the eruv. And we have already said that a man and all the people of his household who are relying upon his table are considered like one man — whether for a courtyard eruv or for an alley eruv.

יג מָבוֹי שֶׁעֵרְבוּ כָּל חֲצֵרוֹת שֶׁבּוֹ כָּל חָצֵר וְחָצֵר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ כֻּלָּן בַּמָּבוֹי. שָׁכַח אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר וְלֹא עֵרֵב עִם בְּנֵי חֲצֵרוֹ לֹא הִפְסִיד כְּלוּם. שֶׁהֲרֵי כֻּלָּם נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ וְעַל הַשִּׁתּוּף סוֹמְכִין וְלֹא הִצְרִיכוּ לְעָרֵב בַּחֲצֵרוֹת עִם הַשִּׁתּוּף אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא לְשַׁכֵּחַ לַתִּינוֹקוֹת תּוֹרַת עֵרוּב וַהֲרֵי עֵרְבוּ בַּחֲצֵרוֹת. אֲבָל אִם שָׁכַח אֶחָד מִבְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּתֵּף אֲסוּרִים בַּמָּבוֹי וּמֻתָּרִין כָּל בְּנֵי חָצֵר לְטַלְטֵל בַּחֲצֵרָן שֶׁהַמָּבוֹי לַחֲצֵירוֹת כְּחָצֵר לַבָּתִּים:

13 [In a case] that all of the courtyards in [an alley] made an eruv — each and every courtyard — on its own, and afterwards all joined in [that of] the alley: If one of the residents of a courtyard forgot and did not [join] in the eruv with the residents of his courtyard, he does not lose anything. For they have all surely joined [in the alley's eruv ] and they are relying on [that]. And [the Sages] only required to [also] make an eruv in the courtyards so that the infants will not forget the law of the [courtyard] eruv — and they surely made eruv s in the courtyards. But if one of the residents of the alley forgot and did not participate [in its eruv ], they are forbidden in the alley; but all of the residents of the courtyard are permitted to carry in their courtyard — since the alley is to the courtyards as the courtyard is to the houses.

יד נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ בַּמָּבוֹי וְשָׁכְחוּ כֻּלָּן לְעָרֵב בָּחֲצֵרוֹת. אִם אֵין מַקְפִּידִין עַל פְּרוּסָתָן סוֹמְכִין עַל הַשִּׁתּוּף בַּשַּׁבָּת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה בִּלְבַד. וְאֵין מַתִּירִין לָהֶן דָּבָר זֶה אֶלָּא מִדֹּחַק:

14 [If] they participated in the [ eruv ] of the alley, but all of them forgot to make eruv s in the courtyards: If they are not exacting about their morsels, they may rely on the [ eruv ] of the alley for the first Shabbat [that this happens] only. And we only permit this to them out of duress.

טו מָבוֹי שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּתְּפוּ בּוֹ אִם עֵרְבוּ חֲצֵרוֹת עִם הַבָּתִּים אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת כְּכַרְמְלִית. מֵאַחַר שֶׁעֵרְבוּ חֲצֵרוֹת עִם הַבָּתִּים נַעֲשָׂה הַמָּבוֹי כְּאִלּוּ אֵינוֹ פָּתוּחַ לוֹ אֶלָּא בָּתִּים בִּלְבַד בְּלֹא חֲצֵרוֹת. וּלְפִיכָךְ אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בְּכֻלָּן. וְאִם לֹא עֵרְבוּ אַנְשֵׁי הַחֲצֵרוֹת מְטַלְטְלִין בְּכֻלָּן כֵּלִים שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ בְּתוֹכוֹ כְּחָצֵר שֶׁלֹּא עֵרְבוּ בָּהּ:

15 [In a case of] an alley in which the [ eruv ] was not [made]: If the houses made eruv s with the courtyards, we may only carry four ells in it — like [in] a karmelit. Since they made eruv s [for] the courtyards with the houses, the alley becomes as if it is only open to the houses without the courtyards. And therefore we may not carry in all of [it] (them). But if the people of the courtyards did not make eruv s, they may carry vessels that rested in it throughout all of [it] (them) — like in a courtyard in which they did not make an eruv.

טז עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים אוֹ צְדוֹקִי הַשָּׁרוּי בְּחָצֵר שֶׁבַּמָּבוֹי דִּינוֹ עִם בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי כְּדִינוֹ עִם בְּנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁשּׂוֹכְרִים מִן הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים אוֹ מֵאֶחָד מִבְּנֵי בֵּיתוֹ רְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁבַּמָּבוֹי. אוֹ מְבַטֵּל לָהֶן הַצְּדוֹקִי. וְאִם הָיָה בַּמָּבוֹי עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶחָד אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ שִׁתּוּף. וְדִין יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶחָד וְדִין רַבִּים שֶׁהֵן סוֹמְכִין עַל שֻׁלְחָן אֶחָד דִּין אֶחָד הוּא:

16 [In a case of] an idolater or a Sadducee that is present in a courtyard of an alley: The law about with regards to the residents of the alley is like the law about him with regards to the residents of the courtyard — that they rent his domain in the alley from the idolater or from one of the members of his household; or [have] the Sadducee nullify [it] to them. And if there was [only] one Israelite and one idolater in the courtyard, there is no need for an [ eruv ]. And the law about one Israelite and the law about many that rely upon one table is the same law (as with a courtyard).

יז עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁהָיָה דָּר בַּמָּבוֹי אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ בַּחֲצֵרוֹ פֶּתַח אֶחָד לַבִּקְעָה אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עַל בְּנֵי הַמָּבוֹי. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה פֶּתַח קָטָן אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמּוֹצִיא גְּמַלִּים וּקְרוֹנוֹת דֶּרֶךְ הַפֶּתַח שֶׁבַּמָּבוֹי אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶן שֶׁאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ אֶלָּא עַל פֶּתַח הַמְיֻחָד לוֹ שֶׁהוּא לַבִּקְעָה. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה פָּתוּחַ לְקַרְפָּף שֶׁהוּא יֶתֶר עַל בֵּית סָאתַיִם הֲרֵי זֶה כְּפָתוּחַ לַבִּקְעָה וְאֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶן. הָיָה בֵּית סָאתַיִם אוֹ פָּחוֹת אֵינוֹ סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶן וְאוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶן עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂכְּרוּ מִמֶּנּוּ:

17 [In a case of] an idolater living in an alley: If he had an entrance to the glen in his courtyard, he does not forbid the residents of the alley — even [if] it was a small entrance, smaller than four by four [handbreadths]. And even though he brings out camels and carriages through the [main] entrance of the alley, his mind is only upon the entrance that is designated for him — which is to the glen. And likewise if it was open to an enclosure which was more than two beit seah — it is surely like [one] open to a glen and does not forbid it to them. [However, if] it was a beit seah or less, he does not rely upon it; and he forbids it to them until they rent it from him.

יח מָבוֹי שֶׁצִּדּוֹ אֶחָד עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים וְצִדּוֹ אֶחָד יִשְׂרְאֵלִים וְהָיוּ חַלּוֹנוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת מֵחָצֵר לֶחָצֵר שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְעֵרְבוּ כֻּלָּן דֶּרֶךְ חַלּוֹנוֹת. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ כְּאַנְשֵׁי בַּיִת אֶחָד וּמֻתָּרִין לְהוֹצִיא וּלְהַכְנִיס דֶּרֶךְ חַלּוֹנוֹת הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בַּמָּבוֹי דֶּרֶךְ פְּתָחִים עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂכְּרוּ מִן הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים. שֶׁאֵין נַעֲשִׂים כְּיָחִיד בִּמְקוֹם עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים:

18 [In a case of] an alley in which one side are idolaters and one side are Israelites, and there were windows open from one courtyard of the Israelites to another and they all made eruv s through the windows: Even though they became like the people of one house and are permissible to transport out and in through the windows, they are surely forbidden from using the alley through the entrances until they rent [the domains] from the idolaters — as they do not become like [one] individual in the presence of idolaters.

יט כֵּיצַד מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין בַּמְּדִינָה. כָּל חָצֵר וְחָצֵר מְעָרֶבֶת לְעַצְמָהּ שֶׁלֹּא לְשַׁכֵּחַ הַתִּינוֹקוֹת. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין כָּל אַנְשֵׁי הַמְּדִינָה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמִּשְׁתַּתְּפִין בַּמָּבוֹי. וְאִם הָיְתָה הַמְּדִינָה קִנְיַן יָחִיד אֲפִלּוּ נַעֲשֵׂית שֶׁל רַבִּים מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין כֻּלָּן שִׁתּוּף אֶחָד וִיטַלְטְלוּ בְּכָל הַמְּדִינָה. וְכֵן אִם הָיְתָה שֶׁל רַבִּים וְיֵשׁ לָהּ פֶּתַח אֶחָד מִשְׁתַּתְּפִין כֻּלָּן שִׁתּוּף אֶחָד:

19 How do we join [in an eruv ] for a city? [First,] each and every courtyard makes an eruv for itself, so as not to make the infants forget [about this law]. And afterwards all of the people of the city join in the way that they join [to make an eruv ] in an alley. And if the city had been the property of an individual — even if it becomes that of the many — they may all join in one eruv and carry in the whole city. And likewise if it was [originally] of the many but it [only] has one entrance, they may all join one [ eruv ].

כ אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה שֶׁל רַבִּים וְיֵשׁ לָהּ שְׁנֵי פְּתָחִים שֶׁהָעָם נִכְנָסִין בָּזֶה וְיוֹצְאִין בָּזֶה אֲפִלּוּ נַעֲשֵׂית שֶׁל יָחִיד אֵין מְעָרְבִין אֶת כֻּלָּהּ אֶלָּא מַנִּיחִין מִמֶּנָּה מָקוֹם אֶחָד אֲפִלּוּ בַּיִת אֶחָד בְּחָצֵר אַחַת וּמִשְׁתַּתְּפִין הַשְּׁאָר. וְיִהְיוּ אֵלּוּ הַמִּשְׁתַּתְּפִין כֻּלָּן מֻתָּרִין בְּכָל הַמְּדִינָה חוּץ מֵאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם שֶׁשִּׁיְּרוּ. וְיִהְיוּ אוֹתָן הַנִּשְׁאָרִים מֻתָּרִין בִּמְקוֹמָן בַּשִּׁתּוּף שֶׁעוֹשִׂין לְעַצְמָן אִם הָיוּ הַנִּשְׁאָרִים רַבִּים. וַאֲסוּרִין לְטַלְטֵל בִּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמְּדִינָה:

20 But if it was [originally] of the many and and it has two entrances — such that the people enter in this one and exit in that one — they may not make an eruv for all of it, even if [the city had been acquired by] an individual. Rather they must leave over a place in it — even one house in one courtyard — and may [make an eruv for] the rest. And these ones that [make the eruv ] are permitted in all of the city, except for that place that they left over. And those that are left over will be permitted in their place with an eruv that they make for themselves — if those left over were many. But they are forbidden from carrying in the rest of the whole city.

כא וְדָבָר זֶה מִשּׁוּם הֶכֵּר הוּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּדְעוּ שֶׁהָעֵרוּב הִתִּיר לָהֶן לְטַלְטֵל בִּמְדִינָה זוֹ שֶׁרַבִּים בּוֹקְעִין בָּהּ. שֶׁהֲרֵי הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁנִּשְׁאַר וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּתֵּף עִמָּהֶן אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן:

21 And this thing is as a marker, in order that they will know that it is the eruv that is permitting them to carry in this city where many pass through it — as they surely do not carry in the place that remained and did not make an eruv with them, but rather these are for themselves and those are for themselves.

כב מְדִינָה שֶׁל רַבִּים שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ פֶּתַח אֶחָד וְסֻלָּם בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד מְעָרְבִין אֶת כֻּלָּהּ וְאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה שִׁיּוּר שֶׁאֵין הַסֻּלָּם שֶׁבַּחוֹמָה חָשׁוּב כְּפֶתַח. הַבָּתִּים שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ שִׁיּוּר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן פְּתוּחִין לָעִיר אֶלָּא אֲחוֹרֵיהֶן לָעִיר וּפְנֵיהֶם לַחוּץ עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ שִׁיּוּר וּמְעָרְבִין אֶת הַשְּׁאָר:

22 [In a case of] a city of the many that has one entrance, but [also has] a ladder in another place: We may make an eruv for all of it and it does not require a remainder — since the ladder on the wall is not considered like an entrance. We may use houses as the remainder, even though they are only open to the city from the rear and face out [of it]; and we may [then] make an eruv for the rest.

כג הַמְזַכֶּה בְּשִׁתּוּף לִבְנֵי הַמְּדִינָה. אִם עֵרְבוּ כֻּלָּן עֵרוּב אֶחָד אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעָן שֶׁזְּכוּת הוּא לָהֶן. וְדִין מִי שֶׁשָּׁכַח וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּתֵּף עִם בְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה אוֹ מִי שֶׁהָלַךְ לִשְׁבֹּת בְּעִיר אַחֶרֶת אוֹ עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁהָיָה עִמָּהֶן בַּמְּדִינָה דִּין הַכּל כְּדִינָם בְּחָצֵר וּמָבוֹי:

23 [In the case of] one who acquires an [ eruv ] for all the residents of the city: If [he made for all of them] (they all made) one eruv, he does not need to inform them — as it is a benefit for them. And the law of one who forgets and of one who rests in another city and of an idolater that was with them in the city — the law of all [of them] is like their laws in a courtyard and an alley.

כד מְדִינָה שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּתְּפוּ כָּל יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ חוּץ מִמָּבוֹי אֶחָד הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹסֵר עַל כֻּלָּן. וְאִם בָּנוּ מַצֵּבָה עַל פֶּתַח הַמָּבוֹי אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר לְפִיכָךְ אֵין מְעָרְבִין מְדִינָה לַחֲצָאִין אֶלָּא אוֹ כֻּלָּהּ אוֹ מָבוֹי מָבוֹי. וּבוֹנֶה כָּל מָבוֹי וּמָבוֹי מַצֵּבָה עַל פִּתְחוֹ אִם רָצָה לַחֲלֹק רְשׁוּתוֹ מֵהֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֶאֱסֹר עַל שְׁאָר הַמְּבוֹאוֹת:

24 [In a case of] a city in which all of a city's residents joined [in an eruv ] except for one alley: It forbids [carrying] for all of them; but if they built a barrier at the entrance of the alley, it does not forbid [it]. Hence we do not make eruv s for the halves of a city, but rather either [for] all of it or [for] each alley. And [then] each and every alley should build a barrier at its entrance, if it wants to separate its domain from them in order that it not forbid the other alleys.

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