Mishneh Torah, Eruvin Chapter 3

Chapter 3

א חַלוֹן שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים עַל אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים אוֹ יֶתֶר עַל זֶה וְהָיָה קָרוֹב מִן הָאָרֶץ בְּתוֹךְ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. אֲפִלּוּ כֻּלּוֹ לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה וּמִקְצָתוֹ בְּתוֹךְ עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ כֻּלּוֹ בְּתוֹךְ עֲשָׂרָה וּמִקְצָתוֹ לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה אִם רָצוּ יוֹשְׁבֵי שְׁתֵּי הַחֲצֵרוֹת לְעָרֵב כֻּלָּן עֵרוּב אֶחָד הָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדָן וְיֵעָשׂוּ כְּחָצֵר אַחַת וִיטַלְטְלוּ מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ. וְאִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין שְׁנֵי עֵרוּבִין אֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן. הָיָה הַחַלּוֹן פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעָה אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה כֻּלּוֹ לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה מְעָרְבִין שְׁנֵי עֵרוּבִין אֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן:

1 [In a case of] a window between two courtyards: If it has four handbreadths by four handbreadths or more and it was within ten handbreadths of the ground — even if [almost] all of it was above ten and a little of it was within ten or [almost] all of it was within ten and a little of it above ten — the residents of the two courtyards have permission to make one eruv for all of it and make it into one courtyard so that they can carry from this one to that one, if they wanted. And if they wanted, they could [also] make two eruv s, these for themselves and those for themselves. [But if] the window was less than four or it was all above ten, they may [only] make two eruv s, these for themselves and those for themselves.

ב בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּחַלּוֹן שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת אֲבָל שֶׁבֵּין שְׁנֵי בָּתִּים אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה. וְכֵן חַלּוֹן שֶׁבֵּין בַּיִת לָעֲלִיָּה אִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין עֵרוּב אֶחָד אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶם סֻלָּם. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בּוֹ אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה. הָיָה חַלּוֹן עָגֹל אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְרַבֵּעַ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה הֲרֵי הוּא כִּמְרֻבָּע:

2 To what are these words applicable? To a window that is between two courtyards. But [in the case of a window] between two houses, even if it is above ten — and likewise a window between a house and an attic — they may make one eruv, even though there is no ladder between them. And that is when it has four by four. [If] the window was round — if there is enough to square it to be four by four, it is certainly like [such a] square.

ג כֹּתֶל שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת אוֹ מַתְבֵּן שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים מְעָרְבִין עֵרוּב אֶחָד וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם. הָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ יֶתֶר עַל כֵּן מְעָרְבִין שְׁנֵי עֵרוּבִין אֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן. וְאִם הָיָה בֵּינֵיהֶם סֻלָּם מִכָּאן וְסֻלָּם מִכָּאן הֲרֵי הֵן כְּפֶתַח. וְאִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה הַסֻּלָּם זָקוּף וְסָמוּךְ לַכֹּתֶל שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין יְכוֹלִין לַעֲלוֹת בּוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּמָּשֵׁךְ וְיִתְרַחֵק מִתַּחְתָּיו מִן הַכֹּתֶל הֲרֵי זֶה מַתִּיר. וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא הָיָה מַגִּיעַ רֹאשׁ הַסֻּלָּם לְרֹאשׁ הַכֹּתֶל אִם נִשְׁאַר בֵּינֵיהֶן פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה הֲרֵי זֶה מַתִּיר וּמְעָרְבִין אֶחָד אִם רָצוּ:

3 [In the case of] a wall or a haystack that is between two courtyards: [If] it is less than ten handbreadths, we may make one eruv, but we may not make two eruv s. If it is ten or more high, we may [only] make two eruv s, these for themselves and those for themselves. However if there was a ladder from here and a ladder from there between them, it is surely like an entrance. So they may [also] make one eruv, if they wanted. And even [if] the ladder was straight and [immediately] adjacent to the wall, such that we surely cannot climb on it until it is pulled back and distanced from the wall, it certainly permits [it]. And even [if] the top of the ladder did not reach the top of the wall — if there was less than three handbreadths left between them — it certainly permits [it], and they may [also] make one eruv, if they wanted.

ד הָיָה הַכֹּתֶל רָחָב אַרְבָּעָה וְעָשָׂה סֻלָּם מִכָּאן וְסֻלָּם מִכָּאן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַסֻּלָּמוֹת מְרֻחָקִים זֶה מִזֶּה אִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד. אֵין בְּרֹחַב הַכֹּתֶל אַרְבָּעָה אִם אֵין בֵּין הַסֻּלָּמוֹת שְׁלֹשָׁה מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד. הָיָה בֵּינֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָׁה מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם:

4 [If] the wall was four [handbreadths] wide and one made a ladder from here and a ladder from there — even though the ladders are distanced from one another — they may [also] make one eruv, if they wanted. [In a case] that there is not four in the wall's width: If there is not three [handbreadths] between the ladders, they may [also] make one eruv. [But if there was [at least] three between them, they may [only] make two eruv s.

ה בָּנָה מַצֵּבָה עַל גַּבֵּי מַצֵּבָה בְּצַד הַכֹּתֶל. אִם יֵשׁ בַּתַּחְתּוֹנָה אַרְבָּעָה מְמַעֵט. אֵין בַּתַּחְתּוֹנָה אַרְבָּעָה וְאֵין בֵּינָהּ לְבֵין הָעֶלְיוֹנָה שְׁלֹשָׁה מְמַעֵט. וְאִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד. וְכֵן בְּמַדְרֵגוֹת שֶׁל עֵץ שֶׁסְּמָכָן לַכֹּתֶל:

5 [If] one built a platform next to the wall above another platform: If the lower one has four [handbreadths], it reduces [the height of the wall]. [If] the lower one does not have four handbreadths, but there is not three [handbreadths] between it and the higher one, it [also] reduces [it]. So they may [also] make one eruv, if they wanted. And likewise with wooden steps that they placed next to the wall.

ו כֹּתֶל גָּבוֹהַּ שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת וְזִיז יוֹצֵא בְּאֶמְצָעִיתוֹ אִם נִשְׁאַר מִן הַזִּיז עַד רֹאשׁ הַכֹּתֶל פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה מַנִּיחַ סֻלָּם לִפְנֵי הַזִּיז וּמְעָרְבִין אֶחָד אִם רָצוּ. אֲבָל אִם הִנִּיחַ הַסֻּלָּם בְּצַד הַזִּיז אֵינוֹ מְמַעֵט. הָיָה הַכֹּתֶל גָּבוֹהַּ תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר טְפָחִים מוֹצִיא זִיז אֶחָד בָּאֶמְצַע וּמְעָרְבִין אֶחָד אִם רָצוּ שֶׁהֲרֵי מִן הַזִּיז עַד הָאָרֶץ פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה וּמִן הַזִּיז הָעֶלְיוֹן עַד רֹאשׁ הַכֹּתֶל פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה. הָיָה הַכֹּתֶל גָּבוֹהַּ עֶשְׂרִים טְפָחִים צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי זִיזִין זֶה שֶׁלֹּא כְּנֶגֶד זֶה. עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בֵּין הַזִּיז הַתַּחְתּוֹן וּבֵין הָאָרֶץ פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה וּבֵין הַזִּיז הָעֶלְיוֹן וּבֵין רֹאשׁ הַכֹּתֶל פָּחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה. וּמְעָרְבִין אֶחָד אִם רָצוּ:

6 [In the case of] a high wall between two courtyards that has a ledge protrude in the middle of it: If there remains less than ten from the ledge to the top of the wall, one may place a ladder in front of the ledge and they may make one eruv, if they wanted. But if he put the ladder to the side of the ledge, it does not reduce [the height of the wall. If] the height of the wall was nineteen handbreadths, one may put out a ledge in the middle and make one eruv, if they wanted. For there is less than ten from the ledge to the ground and less than ten from the [top of the] ledge to the top of the wall. [But if] the height of the wall was more than twenty handbreadths, there is a need for two ledges — the one not being in line with the other — until there be less than ten between the lower ledge and the ground and less than ten between the upper ledge and the top of the wall; and [then] they may make one eruv, if they wanted.

ז דֶּקֶל שֶׁחֲתָכוֹ וּסְמָכוֹ עַל רֹאשׁ הַכֹּתֶל וְעַל הָאָרֶץ מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד אִם רָצוּ וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְקָבְעוֹ בַּבִּנְיָן. וְכֵן הַסֻּלָּם כָּבְדוֹ קוֹבְעוֹ וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְחַבְּרוֹ בַּבִּנְיָן. הָיוּ קַשִּׁין מַבְדִּילִין בֵּין שְׁתֵּי הַחֲצֵרוֹת וְסֻלָּם מִכָּאן וְסֻלָּם מִכָּאן אֵין מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין כַּף הָרֶגֶל עוֹלָה בַּסֻּלָּם לְפִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ עַל מַה שֶּׁיִּסְמֹךְ. הָיָה סֻלָּם בָּאֶמְצַע וְקַשִּׁין מִכָּאן וְקַשִּׁין מִכָּאן אִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם:

7 [In a case wherein] one cut a palm tree and leaned it against the wall and upon the ground, they make one eruv, if they wanted — and they need not affix it to the building. And likewise the weight of a ladder affixes it, and one need not attach it to the building. If [piles of] straw separated between two courtyards and there was a ladder from this [side] and a ladder from that [side], we may not make one eruv [but rather two]. For the sole of the foot will surely not climb the ladder, since [the ladder] has nothing [substantial] upon which to lean. If there is a ladder in the middle and [piles of] straw on this [side] and on that side, they may make two (or one) eruv s, if they wanted

ח הָיָה אִילָן בְּצַד הַכֹּתֶל וְעָשָׂהוּ סֻלָּם לַכֹּתֶל. אִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד הוֹאִיל וְאִסּוּר שְׁבוּת הוּא שֶׁגָּרַם לוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲלֶה בָּאִילָן. עָשָׂה אֲשֵׁרָה סֻלָּם לַכֹּתֶל אֵין מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָסוּר לַעֲלוֹת עָלֶיהָ מִן הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁהֲרֵי הִיא אֲסוּרָה בַּהֲנָיָה:

8 [If] there was a tree on the side of the wall and one made it into a ladder for the wall, they may [also] make one eruv, if they wanted — for it is [only] a rabbinic Shabbat decree that causes one not to climb the tree. [But] if they made a tree-god ( asherah) into a ladder for the wall, they may not make one eruv because it is forbidden by the Torah to climb upon it — as it is surely forbidden to benefit [from it].

ט כֹּתֶל שֶׁגָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וּבָא לְמַעֲטוֹ כְּדֵי לְעָרֵב עֵרוּב אֶחָד אִם יֵשׁ בְּאֹרֶךְ הַמִּעוּט אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד. סָתַר מִקְצָת הַכֹּתֶל עַד שֶׁנִּתְמַעֵט מֵעֲשָׂרָה. צִדּוֹ הַקָּצָר נוֹתְנִין אוֹתוֹ לֶחָצֵר זוֹ וּשְׁאָר הַכֹּתֶל הַגָּבוֹהַּ לְבֵין שְׁתֵּי הַחֲצֵרוֹת:

9 [If] the wall was ten [handbredths] tall and one came to reduce [its height] in order to make one eruv: If the length of the reduction is four handbreadths, they may make one eruv. [If the people of one courtyard] broke down the [width of the wall] until it was reduced to be less than ten: We give the short side to this courtyard and the rest of the high wall is divided between the two courtyards.

י נִפְרַץ הַכֹּתֶל הַגָּבוֹהַּ שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶן. אִם הָיְתָה הַפִּרְצָה עַד עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת מְעָרְבִין שְׁנֵי עֵרוּבִין. וְאִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְּפֶתַח. הָיְתָה יֶתֶר מֵעֶשֶׂר מְעָרְבִין עֵרוּב אֶחָד וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁנֵי עֵרוּבִין:

10 [If] the tall wall between them was breached: If the breach was up to ten ells, they may make two eruv s; but if they wanted, they may [also] make one — since it is like an entrance. If it was wider than ten, they may [only] make one eruv, and they may not make two eruv s.

יא הָיְתָה הַפִּרְצָה פְּחוּתָה מֵעֶשֶׂר וּבָא לְהַשְׁלִימָהּ לְיֶתֶר מֵעֶשֶׂר חוֹקֵק בַּכֹּתֶל גֹּבַהּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וּמְעָרְבִין עֵרוּב אֶחָד. וְאִם בָּא לִפְרֹץ לְכַתְּחִלָּה פִּרְצָה יֶתֶר מֵעֶשֶׂר בְּכָל הַכֹּתֶל צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת גֹּבַהּ הַפִּרְצָה מְלֹא קוֹמָתוֹ:

11 [If] the breach was less than ten [ells], and one is coming to complete it to more than ten — he must hollow out the height of ten handbreadths (where he is adding to the breach), and they may [then] make one eruv. And if he comes to make a breach [that is] more than ten at the outset, the height of the breach must be its full height.

יב חָרִיץ שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה אוֹ יֶתֶר מְעָרְבִין שְׁנֵי עֵרוּבִין. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם. וְאִם מִעֵט עָמְקוֹ בְּעָפָר אוֹ בִּצְרוֹרוֹת מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם שֶׁסְּתָם עָפָר וּצְרוֹרוֹת בְּחָרִיץ מְבֻטָּלִין הֵן. אֲבָל אִם מִלְּאָהוּ תֶּבֶן אוֹ קַשׁ אֵין מְמַעֲטִין עַד שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל:

12 [If] there was a ditch ten [handbreadths] deep and four or more wide between two courtyards, they may [only] make two eruv s; less than that, they may make one eruv and they may not make two eruv s. And if one reduced its depth with dirt or pebbles, they may [only] make one eruv, and they may not make two eruv s — since dirt and pebbles normally nullify [the space] in a ditch. But if he filled it with hay or straw, they do not nullify it.

יג וְכֵן אִם מִעֵט רָחְבּוֹ בְּלוּחַ אוֹ בְּקָנֶה שֶׁהוֹשִׁיטוֹ בְּאֹרֶךְ כָּל הֶחָרִיץ מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד וְאֵין מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם. וְכָל הַדָּבָר הַנִּטָּל בְּשַׁבָּת כְּגוֹן הַסַּל וְהַסֵּפֶל אֵין מְמַעֲטִין בּוֹ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן חִבְּרוֹ בָּאָרֶץ חִבּוּר שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לְשָׁמְטוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּחְפֹּר בְּדֶקֶר:

13 And likewise, if one reduced its width with a board or a reed that he extended over the whole length of the ditch, they may make one eruv, and they may not make two eruv s. But we do not reduce it with anything that can be taken on Shabbat — such as a basket o a pail — unless he binds it to the ground with a binding that is impossible to remove until he digs [it out] with a shovel.

יד נָתַן לוּחַ שֶׁרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים עַל רֹחַב הֶחָרִיץ מְעָרְבִין אֶחָד וְאִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין שְׁנֵי עֵרוּבִין. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי גְּזֻזְטְרָאוֹת זוֹ כְּנֶגֶד זוֹ אִם הוֹשִׁיט לוּחַ שֶׁרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים מִזּוֹ לְזוֹ מְעָרְבִין עֵרוּב אֶחָד. וְאִם רָצוּ מְעָרְבִין שְׁנֵי עֵרוּבִין אֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן. הָיוּ זוֹ בְּצַד זוֹ וְאֵינָן בְּשָׁוֶה אֶלָּא אַחַת לְמַעְלָה מֵחֲבֶרְתָּהּ אִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים הֲרֵי הֵן כִּכְצוֹצְטְרָא אַחַת וּמְעָרְבִין אַחַת. וְאִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם שְׁלֹשָׁה אוֹ יֶתֶר מְעָרְבִין שְׁנַיִם אֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן:

14 [If] he placed a board with a width of four handbreadths over the width of the ditch, they may make one eruv; and if they want, they may make two eruv s. And likewise [in a case of] two balconies across from each other: If he extended the four handbreadth board from one to the other, they may make one eruv; and if they want, they may make two eruv s, these for themselves and those for themselves. [But in a case in which the balconies] were one alongside the other and not even, but rather one above its fellow: If there is less than three [handbreadths], it is surely like one balcony and they make one eruv; but if there is three or more handbreadths, they make two eruv s, these for themselves and those for themselves.

טו כֹּתֶל שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת שֶׁהוּא רָחָב אַרְבָּעָה וְהָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים מֵחָצֵר זוֹ וְשָׁוֶה לְקַרְקַע חָצֵר שְׁנִיָּה נוֹתְנִין רָחְבּוֹ לִבְנֵי הֶחָצֵר שֶׁהוּא שָׁוֶה לָהֶן וְיֵחָשֵׁב מֵחֲצֵרָן. הוֹאִיל וְתַשְׁמִישׁוֹ בְּנַחַת לְאֵלּוּ וְתַשְׁמִישׁוֹ בְּקָשֶׁה לְאֵלּוּ נוֹתְנִין אוֹתוֹ לְאֵלּוּ שֶׁתַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ לָהֶן בְּנַחַת. וְכֵן חָרִיץ שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים מִצַּד חָצֵר זוֹ וְשָׁוֶה לְקַרְקַע חָצֵר שְׁנִיָּה נוֹתְנִין רָחְבּוֹ לֶחָצֵר שֶׁהִיא שָׁוָה לָהּ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁתַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ נַחַת לָזֶה וְקָשֶׁה לָזֶה נוֹתְנִין אוֹתוֹ לְאֵלּוּ שֶׁתַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ לָהֶן בְּנַחַת:

15 [In a case of] a wall between two courtyards which was four wide; and it was ten handbreadths tall from [the side of] one courtyard, but even to the ground of the second courtyard: We give its width to the residents of the courtyard to whom it is even — since its use is easy for these and its use is difficult for those, we give it to the ones for whom its use is easy. And likewise a ditch between two courtyards which is ten handbreadths deep from [the side of] one courtyard, but even to the ground of the second courtyard: We give its width to the residents of the courtyard to whom it is even — since its use is easy for these and its use is difficult for those, we give it to the ones for whom its use is easy.

טז הָיָה הַכֹּתֶל שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי הַחֲצֵרוֹת נָמוּךְ מֵחָצֵר הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וְגָבוֹהַּ מֵחָצֵר הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בְּנֵי הָעֶלְיוֹנָה מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בְּעָבְיוֹ עַל יְדֵי שִׁלְשׁוּל וּבְנֵי הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בְּעָבְיוֹ עַל יְדֵי זְרִיקָה שְׁנֵיהֶן אֲסוּרִין בּוֹ עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן עֵרוּב אֶחָד. אֲבָל אִם לֹא עֵרְבוּ אֵין מַכְנִיסִין מֵעֳבִי כֹּתֶל זוֹ לַבָּתִּים וְאֵין מוֹצִיאִין מֵהַבָּתִּים לְעָבְיוֹ:

16 [In the case of] a wall between two courtyards — lower than the higher courtyard but higher than the lower courtyard — it coming out that the residents of the higher one use its width by dropping down and the residents of the lower one use its width by throwing: Both of them are forbidden [to use] it until the both of them make one eruv. But if they did not make [such] an eruv, they may not transport from the width of this wall into the houses, nor transport from the houses to its width.

יז שְׁנֵי בָּתִּים שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶן חֻרְבָּה שֶׁהִיא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד אִם יְכוֹלִין שְׁנֵיהֶם לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בַּחֻרְבָּה עַל יְדֵי זְרִיקָה אוֹסְרִין זֶה עַל זֶה. וְאִם הָיָה תַּשְׁמִישָׁהּ לָזֶה בְּנַחַת וְהָאַחֵר אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִזְרֹק לָהּ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא עֲמֻקָּה מִמֶּנּוּ הֲרֵי זֶה שֶׁהִיא לוֹ בְּנַחַת מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהּ עַל יְדֵי זְרִיקָה:

17 [In a case of] two houses with a ruin between them that is a private domain: If they can both use it by throwing, they prohibit one another [from using it]. But if its use was easy for this one, and the other one is not able to throw onto it because it is deeper than it — the one for which it is easy may use it by throwing [onto it].

יח כָּל גַּגּוֹת הָעִיר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁזֶּה גָּבוֹהַּ וְזֶה נָמוּךְ עִם כָּל הַחֲצֵרוֹת וְעִם כָּל הַקַּרְפִּיפוֹת שֶׁהֻקְּפוּ שֶׁלֹּא לְשֵׁם דִּירָה שֶׁאֵין בְּכָל אֶחָד מֵהֶן יֶתֶר עַל בֵּית סָאתַיִם עִם עֳבִי הַכְּתָלִים שֶׁבֵּין הַחֲצֵרוֹת עִם הַמְּבוֹאוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן לֶחִי אוֹ קוֹרָה כֻּלָּן רְשׁוּת אַחַת הֵן וּמְטַלְטְלִין בְּכֻלָּן בְּלֹא עֵרוּב כֵּלִים שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ בְּתוֹכָן. אֲבָל לֹא כֵּלִים שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עֵרְבוּ:

18 All the roofs of the city — even though this one is high and that one is low — together with all of the courtyards and together with all of the enclosures encircled not for the purpose of residence — each one of which not comprising more than two beit seah — and together with the width of the walls between the courtyards and together with the alleys that have a post or a beam are all one domain. So we may carry vessels that rested (were there at the beginning of Shabbat) within them without an eruv; but not vessels that rested within a house, unless they made an eruv.

יט כֵּיצַד. כְּלִי שֶׁשָּׁבַת בְּתוֹךְ הֶחָצֵר בֵּין עֵרְבוּ אַנְשֵׁי הֶחָצֵר בֵּין לֹא עֵרְבוּ מֻתָּר לְהַעֲלוֹתוֹ מִן הֶחָצֵר לַגַּג אוֹ לְרֹאשׁ הַכֹּתֶל. וּמִן הַגַּג לְגַג אַחֵר הַסָּמוּךְ לוֹ אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ מִמֶּנּוּ כָּל שֶׁהוּא אוֹ נָמוּךְ. וּמִן הַגַּג הָאַחַר לְחָצֵר שְׁנִיָּה וּמֵחָצֵר שְׁנִיָּה לְגַג שְׁלִישִׁי שֶׁל חָצֵר שְׁלִישִׁית. וּמִגַּג שְׁלִישִׁי לְמָבוֹי. וּמִן הַמָּבוֹי לְגַג רְבִיעִי עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבִירֶנּוּ כָּל הַמְּדִינָה כֻּלָּהּ דֶּרֶךְ גַּגּוֹת וַחֲצֵרוֹת אוֹ דֶּרֶךְ גַּגּוֹת וְקַרְפִּיפוֹת אוֹ דֶּרֶךְ חֲצֵרוֹת וְקַרְפִּיפוֹת אוֹ דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן מִזֶּה לָזֶה וּמִזֶּה לָזֶה. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס בִּכְלִי זֶה לְבַיִת מִן הַבָּתִּים אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עֵרְבוּ אַנְשֵׁי כָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת הָאֵלּוּ עֵרוּב אֶחָד:

19 How is this? Whether the residents of the courtyard made an eruv or did not make an eruv, it is permitted to bring up a vessel that rested in the courtyard from the courtyard to the roof or to the top of the wall; and from the roof to another roof next to it, even though it is higher or lower than it; and from the other roof to a second courtyard; from the second courtyard to a third roof of a third courtyard; from the third courtyard to an alley; and from the alley to a fourth roof — until one has moved it [throughout] the whole city via the roofs and the courtyards or via the roofs and the enclosures or via the courtyards and enclosures or via all three, from this one to that one, and from that one to [the third] one. And that is so long as he does not transport this vessel into one of the houses, unless the people of all of these places made one eruv.

כ וְכֵן אִם שָׁבַת הַכְּלִי בַּבַּיִת וְהוֹצִיאוֹ לֶחָצֵר לֹא יַעֲבִירֶנּוּ לְחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת אוֹ לְגַג אַחֵר אוֹ לְרֹאשׁ הַכֹּתֶל אוֹ לְקַרְפָּף אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עֵרְבוּ אַנְשֵׁי כָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁמַּעֲבִירִין בָּהֶן כְּלִי זֶה עֵרוּב אֶחָד:

20 And likewise if the vessel rested in a house and one transported it out to courtyard — he may not transport it to a different courtyard or to another roof or to the top of the wall or to an enclosure unless the people of all of these places, through which the vessel is being transported, made one eruv.

כא בּוֹר שֶׁבֵּין שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת אֵין מְמַלְּאִין מִמֶּנּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עָשׂוּ לוֹ מְחִצָּה גְּבוֹהָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד דּוֹלֶה מֵרְשׁוּתוֹ. וְהֵיכָן מַעֲמִידִין אֶת הַמְּחִצָּה. אִם הָיְתָה לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמַּיִם צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה טֶפַח מִן הַמְּחִצָּה יוֹרֵד בְּתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם. וְאִם הָיְתָה הַמְּחִצָּה כֻּלָּהּ בְּתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה טֶפַח מִמֶּנָּה יוֹצֵא לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמַּיִם כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּהְיֶה נִכֶּרֶת רְשׁוּת זֶה מֵרְשׁוּת זֶה:

21 [In a case of] a well between two courtyards, we may not fill [water] from it on Shabbat unless a partition ten handbreadths high was made for it, so that each and every one would draw from within his own domain. And how do we situate the partition? If it was above the water, a handbreadth of the partition must descend into the water. And if the partition was totally out of the water, a handbreadth of it must emerge above the water so that the domain of this one be recognizable from the domain of that one.

כב וְכֵן אִם עָשׂוּ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר קוֹרָה רְחָבָה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים זֶה מְמַלֵּא מִצַּד הַקּוֹרָה וְזֶה מְמַלֵּא מִצִּדָּהּ הָאַחֵר וּכְאִלּוּ הִבְדִּילָה חֵלֶק זֶה מֵחֵלֶק זֶה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַמַּיִם מְעֹרָבִין מִלְּמַטָּה קַל הוּא שֶׁהֵקֵלּוּ חֲכָמִים בְּמַיִם:

22 And likewise, if they made a beam four handbreadths wide on the mouth of the well — this one may fill from [one] side of the beam and that one may fill from its other side; and it is as if it separates this section from that section. Even though the waters are mixed below, this is a leniency about water regarding which the Sages were lenient.

כג בְּאֵר שֶׁבְּאֶמְצַע הַשְּׁבִיל בֵּין שְׁנֵי כָּתְלֵי חֲצֵרוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא מֻפְלֶגֶת מִכֹּתֶל זֶה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים וּמִכֹּתֶל זֶה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים שְׁנֵיהֶם מְמַלְּאִין מִמֶּנָּה וְאֵין צְרִיכִין לְהוֹצִיא זִיזִין עַל גַּבָּהּ שֶׁאֵין אָדָם אוֹסֵר עַל חֲבֵרוֹ דֶּרֶךְ אֲוִיר:

23 [In a case of] a well in the middle of a path between two courtyard walls, both of them may fill from it, and they do not need to put out ledges over it — even though it is a distance of four handbreadths from this wall and of four handbreadths from that wall. For one does not forbid something to his fellow through the air.

כד חָצֵר קְטַנָּה שֶׁנִּפְרְצָה בִּמְלוֹאָהּ לְחָצֵר גְּדוֹלָה מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם. אַנְשֵׁי גְּדוֹלָה מְעָרְבִין לְעַצְמָן וּמֻתָּרִים שֶׁהֲרֵי נִשְׁאַר לָהֶן פְּצִימִין מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן. וְאַנְשֵׁי קְטַנָּה אֲסוּרִין לְהוֹצִיא מִבָּתֵּיהֶן לֶחָצֵר שֶׁלָּהֶן עַד שֶׁיְּעָרְבוּ עִם בְּנֵי הַגְּדוֹלָה עֵרוּב אֶחָד. שֶׁדִּיּוּרִין שֶׁל גְּדוֹלָה חֲשׁוּבִין כִּקְטַנָּה וְאֵין דִּיּוּרֵי קְטַנָּה חֲשׁוּבִין כִּגְדוֹלָה:

24 [In a case of] a small courtyard that is completely breached open to a large courtyard while it is still day: The people of the large one may make an eruv for themselves and be permitted [to transport between their houses and their courtyard], as there are surely doorposts remaining for them from this [side] and that [side of the breach]. But the people of the small are forbidden to carry from their houses to their courtyard until they make one eruv with the people of the large one. For the domiciles of the big one are considered like those of the small one, but the domiciles of the small one are not considered like those of the big one.

כה שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת שֶׁעֵרְבוּ עֵרוּב אֶחָד דֶּרֶךְ הַפֶּתַח שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶן אוֹ דֶּרֶךְ הַחַלּוֹן וְנִסְתַּם הַפֶּתַח אוֹ הַחַלּוֹן בְּשַׁבָּת כָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת מֻתֶּרֶת לְעַצְמָהּ הוֹאִיל וְהֻתְּרָה מִקְצָת שַׁבָּת הֻתְּרָה כֻּלָּהּ. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת שֶׁעֵרְבָה זוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ וְזוֹ לְעַצְמָהּ וְנָפַל הַכֹּתֶל שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶן בְּשַׁבָּת אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִים לְעַצְמָן וּמוֹצִיאִין מִבָּתֵּיהֶן וּמְטַלְטְלִין עַד עִקַּר הַמְּחִצָּה. וְאֵלּוּ מְטַלְטְלִין כֵּן עַד עִקַּר הַמְּחִצָּה הוֹאִיל וְהֻתְּרָה מִקְצָת שַׁבָּת הֻתְּרָה כֻּלָּהּ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתְוַסְּפוּ הַדִּיּוּרִין שֶׁהַדִּיּוּרִין הַבָּאִין בְּשַׁבָּת אֵינָן אוֹסְרִין. נִפְתַּח הַחַלּוֹן וְנַעֲשָׂה הַפֶּתַח בִּשְׁגָגָה אוֹ שֶׁעָשׂוּ נָכְרִים לְדַעְתָּן חָזְרוּ לְהֶתֵּרָן. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי סְפִינוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ קְשׁוּרוֹת זוֹ בָּזוֹ וְעֵרְבוּ וְנִפְסְקוּ אָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל מִזּוֹ לָזוֹ וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה מֻקָּפוֹת מְחִצָּה. חָזְרוּ וְנִקְשְׁרוּ בְּשׁוֹגֵג חָזְרוּ לְהֶתֵּרָן:

25 [In a case of] two courtyards that made one eruv through the entrance between them or through the window, and [then] the window or door became sealed on Shabbat: Each and every [courtyard] is permitted for itself — since part of the Shabbat was permitted, it is all permitted. And likewise two courtyards in which this one made an eruv for itself and that one made an eruv for itself, and [then] the wall between them fell on Shabbat: These are permitted for themselves and may transport from their houses and carry to the point of the partition and those may likewise carry to the point of the partition — since part of the Shabbat was permitted, it is all permitted. And [this is the case] even though domiciles were added, since domiciles that arrive on Shabbat do not forbid [carrying. In the first case,] if the window was [subsequently] opened and an entrance was inadvertently made, or gentiles did it volitionally — they go back to their being permitted. And likewise, boats that are attached to one another and they made an eruv and [the boats then] became disconnected [on Shabbat]: It is forbidden to carry from this [one] to that [one], even if they were surrounded by partitions. [If] they were inadvertently reconnected, they go back to their being permitted.

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