Mishneh Torah, Rest on the Tenth of Tishrei Chapter 3

Chapter 3

א אָסוּר לִרְחֹץ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים בֵּין בְּחַמִּין בֵּין בְּצוֹנֵן. בֵּין כָּל גּוּפוֹ בֵּין אֵיבָר אֶחָד אֲפִלּוּ אֶצְבַּע קְטַנָּה אָסוּר לְהוֹשִׁיטָהּ בַּמַּיִם. וְהַמֶּלֶךְ וְהַכַּלָּה רוֹחֲצִין אֶת פְּנֵיהֶן. כַּלָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְגַּנֶּה עַל בַּעְלָהּ. וְהַמֶּלֶךְ כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּרָאֶה בְּיָפְיוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה לג יז) "מֶלֶךְ בְּיָפְיוֹ תֶּחֱזֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ". וְעַד כַּמָּה נִקְרֵאת כַּלָּה עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם:

1 It is forbidden to bathe on Yom Kippur — whether with hot water or with cold water; whether his whole body or a single limb. It is even forbidden to put [one's] small finger into water. However, the king and a bride may wash their faces — the bride so she will not be disgusting to her husband; and the king so [people] will see his beauty, as it is stated (Isaiah 33:17), "Your eyes shall see the king in his beauty." For how long [after her wedding] is she called a bride? Thirty days.

ב מִי שֶׁהָיָה מְלֻכְלָךְ בְּצוֹאָה אוֹ טִיט רוֹחֵץ מְקוֹם הַטִּנֹּפֶת כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ. וּמְדִיחָה אִשָּׁה יָדָהּ אַחַת בְּמַיִם וְנוֹתֶנֶת פַּת לְתִינוֹק. וְהַחוֹלֶה רוֹחֵץ כְּדַרְכּוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְסֻכָּן. וְכָל חַיָּבֵי טְבִילוֹת טוֹבְלִין כְּדַרְכָּן בֵּין בְּתִשְׁעָה בְּאָב בֵּין בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים:

2 One who was dirty with excrement or mud may wash the dirty place in his usual way and [need] not be concerned (that perhaps he is violating a prohibition). A woman can rinse one hand in water and give bread to a baby. An ill person may bathe in his usual way even if he is not in danger. All those who are obligated to immerse (in a ritual bath) may immerse in their usual way, whether on the Ninth of Av or Yom Kippur.

ג מִי שֶׁרָאָה קֶרִי בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. אִם לַח הוּא מְקַנֵּחַ בְּמַפָּה וְדַיּוֹ. וְאִם יָבֵשׁ הוּא אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְלַכְלֵךְ רוֹחֵץ מְקוֹמוֹת הַמְלֻכְלָכִין בִּלְבַד וּמִתְפַּלֵּל. וְאָסוּר לוֹ לִרְחֹץ כָּל גּוּפוֹ אוֹ לִטְבּל. שֶׁאֵין הַטּוֹבֵל בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה טָהוֹר מִפְּנֵי טֻמְאַת מֵת וְאֵין הָרְחִיצָה מִקֶּרִי לִתְפִלָּה בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה אֶלָּא מִנְהָג וְאֵין מִנְהָג לְבַטֵּל דָּבָר הָאָסוּר אֶלָּא לֶאֱסֹר אֶת הַמֻּתָּר. וְלֹא אָמְרוּ שֶׁהָרוֹאֶה קֶרִי בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים טוֹבֵל אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁתִּקְּנוּ טְבִילָה לְבַעֲלֵי קְרָיִין וּכְבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁבָּטְלָה תַּקָּנָה זוֹ:

3 [In a case of] one who [had] a seminal emission on Yom Kippur nowadays: If it is moist, he wipes it with a cloth, and that is enough for him. If it is dry or [he] became dirty [with it] — he just washes the dirty places and he ma y[then] pray. But it is forbidden for him to bathe his whole body or immerse. For one who immerses nowadays is not pure — due to impurity [from exposure to] the dead (which everyone is assumed to have) — so washing (i.e. immersing) from a seminal emission for prayer nowadays is only a custom. And a custom cannot permit something that is forbidden, but rather [only] forbid something that is permissible. And [the Sages] only said that one who [has] a seminal emission on Yom Kippur immerses, when they ordained that those who [had] seminal emissions must immerse. And we already explained that this ordinance was annulled.

ד טִיט שֶׁהוּא לַח בְּיוֹתֵר כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּנִּיחַ אָדָם יָדוֹ עָלָיו וְתַעֲלֶה בָּהּ לַחְלוּחִית שֶׁאִם הִדְבִּיק אוֹתָהּ לְיָדוֹ הָאַחֶרֶת תִּדְבַּק בָּהּ לַחְלוּחִית אָסוּר לֵישֵׁב עָלָיו. לֹא יְמַלֵּא אָדָם כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ מַיִם וְיִצְטַנֵּן בּוֹ שֶׁהַמַּיִם נִזְחָלִים מִדְּפָנָיו. אֲפִלּוּ כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת אָסוּר שֶׁמָּא יִנָּתְזוּ מַיִם עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ. וּמֻתָּר לְהִצְטַנֵּן בְּפֵרוֹת:

4 It is forbidden to sit on mud that is so wet that a person can put one hand on it and pick up enough moisture that when he cleaves his other hand to [the first hand], moisture clings to it [as well]. A person may not fill up an earthenware utensil with water and cool off with it, because the water flows (lit. crawls) from its walls. It is even forbidden with metal utensils, lest water splash on his flesh. But it is permissible to cool oneself off with fruits.

ה לוֹקֵחַ אָדָם מִטְפַּחַת מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וְשׁוֹרֶה אוֹתָהּ בְּמַיִם וּמְנַגְּבָהּ מְעַט וּמַנִּיחָהּ תַּחַת הַבְּגָדִים וּלְמָחָר מַעֲבִירָהּ עַל פָּנָיו וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ קֹר הַרְבֵּה:

5 A person may take a handkerchief on the eve of Yom Kippur, soak it in water, squeeze it out a little, and put it under the clothes. And on the morrow, he may pass it over his face and [need] not be concerned (that perhaps he is violating a prohibition), even though it [is very] cold.

ו הַהוֹלֵךְ לְהַקְבִּיל פְּנֵי רַבּוֹ אוֹ פְּנֵי אָבִיו אוֹ מִי שֶׁהוּא גָּדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ בְּחָכְמָה אוֹ לִקְרוֹת בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ עוֹבֵר בַּמַּיִם עַד צַוָּארוֹ וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ וְעוֹשֶׂה מִצְוָה שֶׁהָלַךְ לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ וְחוֹזֵר בַּמַּיִם לִמְקוֹמוֹ. שֶׁאִם לֹא תַּתִּיר לוֹ לַחֲזֹר אֵינוֹ הוֹלֵךְ וְנִמְצָא נִכְשָׁל מִן הַמִּצְוָה. וְכֵן הַהוֹלֵךְ לִשְׁמֹר פֵּרוֹתָיו עוֹבֵר בַּמַּיִם עַד צַוָּארוֹ וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יוֹצִיאוּ יְדֵיהֶם מִתַּחַת שׁוּלֵי מְעִילֵיהֶם כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בְּחל:

6 One who goes to greet his teacher, his father or one who is wiser than he, or to read in the study hall may cross through water up to his neck and [need] not be concerned (that perhaps he is violating a prohibition). And he may perform the commandment that he went to perform and return through the water to his place. For if you do not permit him to return, he will not go [in the first place] and will have been obstructed from [doing] the commandment. And likewise may one who is going to guard his fruit cross through water up to his neck and [need] not be concerned (that perhaps he is violating a prohibition). And [that is] so long as they do not take their hands out from under the edges of their garments as they would do on [weekdays].

ז אָסוּר לִנְעל מִנְעָל וְסַנְדָּל אֲפִלּוּ בְּרַגְלוֹ אַחַת. וּמֻתָּר לָצֵאת בְּסַנְדָּל שֶׁל שַׁעַם וְשֶׁל גֶּמִי וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. וְכוֹרֵךְ אָדָם בֶּגֶד עַל רַגְלָיו וְיוֹצֵא בּוֹ שֶׁהֲרֵי קְשִׁי הָאָרֶץ מַגִּיעַ לְרַגְלָיו וּמַרְגִּישׁ שֶׁהוּא יָחֵף. הַתִּינוֹקוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מֻתָּרִין בַּאֲכִילָה וּבִשְׁתִיָּה וּרְחִיצָה וְסִיכָה מוֹנְעִין אוֹתָן מִמִּנְעָל וְסַנְדָּל:

7 It is forbidden to wear shoes and sandals even on one [of] his feet. But it is permissible to go out with a sandal of cork, or of reed or [of that] that which is similar to them. One may wrap a cloth around his feet and go out with it; for the hardness of the earth surely reaches his feet and he feels that he is barefoot. Even though infants are permitted with regards to eating, drinking, washing, and anointing, we prevent them from [wearing] shoes and sandals.

ח מֻתָּר לְכָל אָדָם לִנְעל אֶת הַסַּנְדָּל מֵחֲמַת עַקְרָב וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהּ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּשָּׁכֶנּוּ. וְהַחַיָּה מֻתֶּרֶת לִנְעל אֶת הַסַּנְדָּל מִשּׁוּם צִנָּה כָּל שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. וְהַחוֹלֶה כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין שָׁם סַכָּנָה:

8 It is permitted for any person to wear a sandal because of a scorpion and that which is similar to it, in order that it will not 'bite' him. A woman who gave birth is permitted to wear a sandal for thirty days after the birth on account of coldness. An ill person [may act] similarly to her, even if [he] is not in danger.

ט אָסוּר לָסוּךְ מִקְצָת גּוּפוֹ כְּכָל גּוּפוֹ בֵּין סִיכָה שֶׁל תַּעֲנוּג בֵּין סִיכָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁל תַּעֲנוּג. וְאִם הָיָה חוֹלֶה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ סַכָּנָה אוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ חֲטָטִין בְּרֹאשׁוֹ סָךְ כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ:

9 It is [as] forbidden to anoint part of one's body as [it is to anoint] his whole body — whether it is an anointing of pleasure or it is an anointing that is not of pleasure. If one was ill — even though [he] is not in danger — or has scabs on his head, he may anoint in his usual way and [need] not be concerned (that perhaps he is violating a prohibition).

י יֵשׁ מְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לְהַדְלִיק אֶת הַנֵּר בְּלֵילֵי יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ בֹּשֶׁת פָּנִים מֵאִשְׁתּוֹ וְלֹא יָבוֹא לִידֵי תַּשְׁמִישׁ הַמִּטָּה. וְיֵשׁ מְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לְהַדְלִיק שֶׁמָּא יִרְאֶה אִשְׁתּוֹ וְתִשָּׂא חֵן בְּעֵינָיו וְיָבוֹא לִידֵי תַּשְׁמִישׁ. וְאִם חָל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת חַיָּבִין הַכּל לְהַדְלִיק בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהַדְלָקַת נֵר בְּשַׁבָּת חוֹבָה: סָלִיק הִלְכוֹת שְׁבִיתַת עשׂוֹר

10 There are places which have become accustomed to lighting a light on the eve of Yom Kippur, so one will be embarrassed from his wife and not come to have marital relations [with her]. And there are [other] places which have become accustomed to not lighting [a light], lest one see his wife and she find favor in his eyes and he come to have relations [with her]. But if Yom Kippur falls out to be on Shabbat, everyone is obligated to light in all places — as the lighting of candles for Shabbat is an obligation. The End of the Laws of Rest on the Tenth.

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