Mishneh Torah, Sabbath Chapter 13

Chapter 13

א אֵין הַמּוֹצִיא מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת אוֹ הַמַּעֲבִיר בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים חוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיַּעֲקֹר חֵפֶץ מֵעַל גַּבֵּי מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים עַל אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים אוֹ יָתֵר וְיַנִּיחַ עַל גַּבֵּי מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים:

1 One who carries from one domain to another, or carries four ells in a public domain, is not liable until he picks up an object from upon a space of four by four handbreadths or more, and places it on a space of four by four handbreadths.

ב יָדוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם חֲשׁוּבָה לוֹ כְּאַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה. לְפִיכָךְ אִם עָקַר הַחֵפֶץ מִיַּד אָדָם הָעוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּת זוֹ וְהִנִּיחוֹ בְּיַד אָדָם אַחֵר הָעוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה חַיָּב. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּאַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּי רְשׁוּיוֹת אֵלּוּ וּפָשַׁט יָדוֹ לִרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה וְעָקַר הַחֵפֶץ מִמֶּנָּה אוֹ מִיַּד אָדָם הָעוֹמֵד בָּהּ וְהֶחֱזִיר יָדוֹ אֵלָיו חַיָּב. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִנִּיחַ הַחֵפֶץ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד בּוֹ הוֹאִיל וְהוּא בְּיָדוֹ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּמֻנָּח בָּאָרֶץ:

2 The hand of a person is considered like four by four [handbreadths]. Hence, if one picks up an object from the hand of someone standing in this domain and places it in the hand of someone else standing in a different domain, he is liable. Likewise, if he was standing in one of these two domains and he extended his hand into the second domain and picked up an object from it or from the hand of a person standing in it and [then] brought back his hand towards him, he is liable. And even though he did not place the object in the place in which he is standing; since it is in his hand, it is surely as if it were resting on the ground.

ג הָיָה אוֹכֵל וְיוֹצֵא מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת וְחִשֵּׁב לְהוֹצִיא הָאוֹכֵל שֶׁבְּפִיו מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת חַיָּב. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ מְשִׂימָה פִּיו מְקוֹם אַרְבָּעָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הוֹצִיא כְּדֶרֶךְ הַמּוֹצִיאִין. וְכֵן מִי שֶׁהָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּאַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּי רְשׁוּיוֹת אֵלּוּ וְהִשְׁתִּין מַיִם אוֹ רָקַק בִּרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה חַיָּב שֶׁהֲרֵי עָקַר מֵרְשׁוּת זוֹ וְהִנִּיחַ בִּרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה וּמַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ עוֹשָׂה אוֹתוֹ כְּאִלּוּ עָקַר מֵעַל גַּבֵּי מְקוֹם אַרְבָּעָה. הָיָה עוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּת זוֹ וּפִי אַמָּה בִּרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה וְהִשְׁתִּין בָּהּ פָּטוּר:

3 [In the case of] one who was eating and went out from one domain to another and had in mind to carry the food from one domain to [another] in his mouth, he is liable. For his thought makes his mouth into a place of four [handbreadths], even though he did not carry in the way of those that carry. Likewise, one who was standing in one of these two domains and urinated or spit into the second domain is liable. For he surely picked [it] up in this domain and put it down in the other domain; and his thought makes it as if he picked up from upon a space of four [handbreadths]. If he was standing in this domain but the tip of [his] penis was in the other domain when he urinated in it, he is exempt.

ד הָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּאַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּי רְשׁוּיוֹת וּפָשַׁט יָדוֹ לִרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה וְנָטַל מִשָּׁם מַיִם מֵעַל גַּבֵּי גּוּמָא מְלֵאָה מַיִם וְהוֹצִיאָן חַיָּב. שֶׁהַמַּיִם כֻּלָּן כְּאִלּוּ הֵן מֻנָּחִין עַל הָאָרֶץ. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה כְּלִי צָף עַל גַּבֵּי מַיִם וּפֵרוֹת בְּתוֹךְ הַכְּלִי וּפָשַׁט יָדוֹ וְלָקַח מִן הַפֵּרוֹת וְהוֹצִיא פָּטוּר. שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא נָחוּ הַפֵּרוֹת עַל גַּבֵּי הָאָרֶץ וְנִמְצָא שֶׁלֹּא עָקַר מֵעַל גַּבֵּי מְקוֹם אַרְבָּעָה. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר אִם הָיוּ הַפֵּרוֹת צָפִין עַל פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם וְהוֹצִיאָם שֶׁהוּא פָּטוּר. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה שֶׁמֶן צָף עַל פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם וְקָלַט מִן הַשֶּׁמֶן וְהוֹצִיאוֹ פָּטוּר:

4 [If] one was standing in one of two domains and he extended his hand to the second domain and took water from there from on top of a pit full of water and removed it [to the domain in which he was standing], he is liable. For it is as if all of the water was resting on the ground. But if there was a vessel floating on the water and produce inside the vessel, and he extended his hand and took from the produce and removed [them to himself], he is exempt. For the produce had not rested on the ground; so it comes out that he did not pick [it] up from a place of four [handbreadths]. And it is not necessary to say [that] if the produce was floating on top of the water and he removed them, he is exempt. Likewise, if there was oil floating on top of the water and he collected some of the oil and removed it, he is exempt.

ה כְּבָר אָמַרְנוּ שֶׁאֵין הַמּוֹצִיא מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיַּעֲקֹר וְיַנִּיחַ. אֲבָל אִם עָקַר וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ אוֹ הִנִּיחַ וְלֹא עָקַר פָּטוּר. לְפִיכָךְ מִי שֶׁהָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּאַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּי רְשׁוּיוֹת וּפָשַׁט יָדוֹ לִרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה וְחֵפֶץ בְּיָדוֹ וּנְטָלוֹ אַחֵר מִמֶּנּוּ אוֹ שֶׁנָּתַן אַחֵר לְיָדוֹ חֵפֶץ וְהֶחֱזִיר יָדוֹ אֵלָיו שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּטוּרִים שֶׁזֶּה עָקַר וְזֶה הִנִּיחַ:

5 We have already mentioned that one who carries from one domain to another is not liable until he picks [it] up and puts [it] down. But if he picked up but did not put down, or put down but did not pick up, he is exempt. Hence one who was standing in one of the two domains and extended his hand to the second domain and [had] an object in his hand, but someone else took it from him; or someone else put it in his hand and he brought his hand back to himself, they are both exempt – as this one picked up and that one put down.

ו בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים כְּשֶׁהָיְתָה יָדוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה. אֲבָל הָיְתָה יָדוֹ בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשָׁה סָמוּךְ לָאָרֶץ הֲרֵי זֶה כְּמִי שֶׁהִנִּיחַ בָּאָרֶץ וְחַיָּב:

6 To what are these words applicable? When his hand was above three handbreadths. But if his hand was within three adjacent to the ground, [the other] is surely like someone who put it down on the ground, so he is liable.

ז הָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּאַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּי רְשׁוּיוֹת אֵלּוּ וּפָשַׁט חֲבֵרוֹ יָד מֵרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה וְנָטַל חֵפֶץ מִיַּד זֶה הָעוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּת זוֹ וְהִכְנִיסוֹ אֶצְלוֹ אוֹ שֶׁהוֹצִיא חֵפֶץ מֵאֶצְלוֹ וְהִנִּיחַ בְּיַד זֶה הָעוֹמֵד. זֶה הָעוֹמֵד לֹא עָשָׂה כְּלוּם שֶׁהֲרֵי חֲבֵרוֹ נָתַן בְּיָדוֹ אוֹ נָטַל מִיָּדוֹ וַחֲבֵרוֹ חַיָּב שֶׁהֲרֵי עָקַר וְהִנִּיחַ:

7 If one was standing in one of these two domains and his fellow extended his hand from the other domain and took the object from the hand of this one standing in this domain and brought it back to himself; or removed an object from himself and placed it into the hand of this one standing – this one standing did not do anything. For his fellow placed [it] in his hand or took [it] from his hand. So his fellow is liable, as he picked it up and put it down.

ח הָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּאַחַת מִשְּׁתֵּי רְשׁוּיוֹת אֵלּוּ וְנָתַן חֲבֵרוֹ חֵפֶץ בְּיָדוֹ אוֹ עַל גַּבָּיו וְיָצָא בְּאוֹתוֹ הַחֵפֶץ לִרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה וְעָמַד שָׁם חַיָּב. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲקִירַת גּוּפוֹ בַּחֵפֶץ שֶׁעָלָיו כַּעֲקִירַת חֵפֶץ מֵאוֹתָהּ רְשׁוּת וַעֲמִידָתוֹ בְּאוֹתוֹ הַחֵפֶץ כְּהַנָּחַת הַחֵפֶץ בַּקַּרְקַע שֶׁעָמַד בָּהּ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם יָצָא בַּחֵפֶץ שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ אוֹ עַל גַּבָּיו וְלֹא עָמַד בִּרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה אֶלָּא חָזַר וְנִכְנַס וְהוּא בְּיָדוֹ אֲפִלּוּ יָצָא וְנִכְנַס כָּל הַיּוֹם כֻּלּוֹ עַד שֶׁיָּצָא הַיּוֹם פָּטוּר. לְפִי שֶׁעָקַר וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ. וַאֲפִלּוּ עָמַד לְתַקֵּן הַמַּשּׂאוֹי שֶׁעָלָיו עֲדַיִן הוּא פָּטוּר עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד לָנוּחַ:

8 If one was standing in one of these two domains and his fellow gave him an object into his hand or on his back and he went out with this object to the second domain and stood there, he is liable. For picking up his body with an item upon him is like picking up an item from that domain, and stopping with that object is like putting the object down on the ground upon which he was standing. Hence if he went out with an object in his hand or on his back and did not stop in the second domain but rather came back and entered [the first domain] with it in his hand, he is exempt – even if left and entered [repeatedly] the whole entire day until the end of the day. For he picked up but did not put down. And he is exempt even if he stopped to fix the load upon him – until he stopped to [actually] rest.

ט וְכֵן מִי שֶׁהָיְתָה חֲבִילָתוֹ עַל כְּתֵפוֹ וְרָץ בָּהּ אֲפִלּוּ כָּל הַיּוֹם אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה רָץ בָּהּ. אֲבָל אִם הָלַךְ מְעַט מְעַט הֲרֵי זֶה כְּעוֹקֵר וּמַנִּיחַ וְאָסוּר. לְפִיכָךְ מִי שֶׁקָּדַשׁ עָלָיו הַיּוֹם וַחֲבִילָתוֹ עַל כְּתֵפוֹ רָץ בָּהּ עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ לְבֵיתוֹ וְזוֹרְקָהּ שָׁם כִּלְאַחַר יָד:

9 Likewise one who had his package on his shoulder and ran with it – even the whole day – is not liable until he stops. And that is when he is running with it, but if he walks very slowly, it is surely as if he lifts [it] up and puts [it] down, so it is forbidden. Hence [in the case of] one upon whom the day became sanctified (Shabbat began), he should run with it until he reaches his house and [then] throw it as if with the back of his hand (not in its usual way).

י עָקַר הַחֵפֶץ מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְהָלַךְ בּוֹ פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְעָמַד וְחָזַר וְהָלַךְ פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְעָמַד אֲפִלּוּ כָּל הַיּוֹם כֻּלּוֹ פָּטוּר. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּשֶׁעָמַד לָנוּחַ. אֲבָל אִם עָמַד לְתַקֵּן מַשָּׂאוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה כִּמְהַלֵּךְ וּכְשֶׁיַּעֲמֹד חוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת חַיָּב. וְהוּא שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד חוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת לָנוּחַ. אֲבָל אִם יַעֲמֹד לְתַקֵּן מַשָּׂאוֹ עֲדַיִן הוּא כִּמְהַלֵּךְ וְאֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד לָנוּחַ חוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת:

10 [If] one picked up the object from the public domain and went with it less than four ells and stopped and repeated to walk less than four ells and stopped [and so on] – even the whole entire day – he is exempt. To what are these words applicable? When he stopped to rest. But if he stopped to fix his load, he is surely like one walking, so that when he stops outside of the four ells, he is liable. And that is when he stops outside of the four ells to rest. But if he stops to fix his load [again], he is still like one walking; such that he is not liable until he stops to rest outside of the four ells.

יא הָיָה קָנֶה אוֹ רֹמַח וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ מֻנָּח עַל הָאָרֶץ וְהִגְבִּיהַּ הַקָּצֶה הָאֶחָד וְהָיָה הַקָּצֶה הַשֵּׁנִי מֻנָּח בָּאָרֶץ וְהִשְׁלִיכוֹ לְפָנָיו וְחָזַר וְהִגְבִּיהַּ הַקָּצֶה הַשֵּׁנִי שֶׁהָיָה מֻנָּח בָּאָרֶץ וְהִשְׁלִיכוֹ לְפָנָיו עַל דֶּרֶךְ זוֹ עַד שֶׁהֶעֱבִיר הַחֵפֶץ כַּמָּה מִילִין פָּטוּר. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא עָקַר הַחֵפֶץ כֻּלּוֹ מֵעַל גַּבֵּי הָאָרֶץ. וְאִם מָשַׁךְ הַחֵפֶץ וּגְרָרוֹ עַל הָאָרֶץ מִתְּחִלַּת אַרְבַּע לְסוֹף אַרְבַּע חַיָּב שֶׁהַמְגַלְגֵּל עוֹקֵר הוּא:

11 [If] a reed or a spear or something similar to it was laying on the ground and one lifted up one end while the other end was [still] laying on the ground and he flung [the first end over] in front of him and proceeded to raise the second end which was laying [unmoved] on the ground and flung it in front of him in the same way [and so on], until he moved the object several mil, he is exempt. For he did not pick up the whole object from upon the ground. But if he pulled the object and dragged it on the ground from the beginning of four [ells] to [their] end, he is liable. For one who rolls [an object is as if] he is picking [it] up.

יב עָקַר הַחֵפֶץ מִזָּוִית זוֹ לְהַנִּיחוֹ בְּזָוִית אַחֶרֶת שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת זוֹ הָעֲקִירָה עֲקִירָה הַמֻּתֶּרֶת וְנִמְלַךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְהוֹצִיאוֹ לִרְשׁוּת שְׁנִיָּה פָּטוּר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה עֲקִירָה רִאשׁוֹנָה לְכָךְ וְנִמְצֵאת כָּאן הַנָּחָה בְּלֹא עֲקִירָה. וְכֵן הָעוֹקֵר חֵפֶץ וְהִנִּיחוֹ עַל חֲבֵרוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא מְהַלֵּךְ וּבְעֵת שֶׁיִּרְצֶה חֲבֵרוֹ לַעֲמֹד נְטָלוֹ מֵעַל גַּבֵּי חֲבֵרוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר שֶׁהֲרֵי יֵשׁ כָּאן עֲקִירָה בְּלֹא הַנָּחָה:

12 [If] one picked up an object in this corner [of a private domain] in order to put it down in another corner – such that the picking up was a permissible picking up – but he changed his mind on the way and took it out to a second domain, he is exempt. For his original picking up was not for this; such that it comes out that there was a putting down without a picking up here. Likewise one who picks up an object and places it on his fellow as [the latter] is walking; and at the time that that his fellow is [about to] stop, he takes it from his fellow’s back – he is exempt. For there is a picking up without a putting down here.

יג הַזּוֹרֵק חֵפֶץ מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת אוֹ מִתְּחִלַּת אַרְבַּע לְסוֹף אַרְבַּע בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְקֹדֶם שֶׁיָּנוּחַ קְלָטוֹ אַחֵר בְּיָדוֹ אוֹ קְלָטוֹ כֶּלֶב אוֹ נִשְׂרַף פָּטוּר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין זוֹ הַנָּחָה שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן לָהּ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם נִתְכַּוֵּן בִּשְׁעַת זְרִיקָה לְכָךְ חַיָּב:

13 One who throws an item from one domain to [another] or from the beginning of four [ells] to [their] end in a public domain – but before it lands, another [person] catches it in his hand, a dog catches it, or it burns up – he is exempt. For this is not the putting down that he intended. Hence if he did intend [it] at the time of the throwing, he is liable.

יד הַזּוֹרֵק חֵפֶץ מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת וְהָיָה קָשׁוּר בְּחֶבֶל וַאֲגָדוֹ בְּיָדוֹ. אִם יָכוֹל לִמְשֹׁךְ הַחֵפֶץ אֶצְלוֹ פָּטוּר. שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין כָּאן הֲנָחָה גְּמוּרָה וְנִמְצָא כְּמִי שֶׁעָקַר וְלֹא הִנִּיחַ:

14 One who throws an item from one domain to [another], but it was tied to a rope that is bunched in his hand: If he is able to pull the object [back], he is exempt. For there is no full putting down here; and it comes out that he is like one who picks [it] up, but does not put [it] down.

טו הַזּוֹרֵק וְנָחָה בְּתוֹךְ יָדוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ. אִם עָמַד חֲבֵרוֹ בִּמְקוֹמוֹ וְקִבְּלָהּ הַזּוֹרֵק חַיָּב שֶׁהֲרֵי עָקַר וְהִנִּיחַ. וְאִם נֶעֱקַר חֲבֵרוֹ מִמְּקוֹמוֹ וְקִבְּלָהּ פָּטוּר. זָרַק וְרָץ הַזּוֹרֵק עַצְמוֹ אַחַר הַחֵפֶץ וְקִבְּלוֹ בְּיָדוֹ בִּרְשׁוּת אַחֶרֶת אוֹ חוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת פָּטוּר כְּאִלּוּ נֶעֱקַר אַחֵר וְקִבְּלוֹ. שֶׁאֵין הַהַנָּחָה גְּמוּרָה עַד שֶׁיָּנוּחַ הַחֵפֶץ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לָנוּחַ בּוֹ בִּשְׁעַת עֲקִירָה:

15 One who throws [something] and it lands in the hand of his fellow: If his fellow stood in his place and caught it, the one who threw it is liable – for he picked [it] up and put [it] down. But if his fellow left his place and caught it, he is exempt. If he threw it and this same one who threw it runs after the object and catches it in his hand in a different domain or out of the four ells, he is exempt – as if another had moved and caught it. For there is not a full putting down until the object rests in the place that it was supposed to rest at the time of the picking up.

טז הַזּוֹרֵק מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בָּאֶמְצַע אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָבַר הַחֵפֶץ בַּאֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים פָּטוּר. וְהוּא שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר לְמַעְלָה מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים אֲבָל אִם עָבַר בְּפָחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה סָמוּךְ לָאָרֶץ וְנָח עַל גַּבֵּי מַשֶּׁהוּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר אוֹ נִתְגַּלְגֵּל וְיָצָא הַחֵפֶץ מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד אַחֶרֶת הֲרֵי הוּא כְּמִי שֶׁנִּשְׁאַר עוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּלְפִיכָךְ חַיָּב. וְכֵן הַזּוֹרֵק מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בָּאֶמְצַע פָּטוּר. וְאִם עָבַר הַחֵפֶץ בְּפָחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה סָמוּךְ לָאָרֶץ וְנָח עַל גַּבֵּי מַשֶּׁהוּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָזַר וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל וְיָצָא לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים הַשְּׁנִיָּה הֲרֵי הוּא כְּמִי שֶׁנִּשְׁאַר עוֹמֵד בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וּלְפִיכָךְ חַיָּב:

16 One who throws from a private domain to [another] private domain with a public domain in between is exempt, even though the object passed through the airspace of the public domain. And that is when it passed above three handbreadths [from the ground]. But if it passed through less than three handbreadths adjacent to the ground and it rested on top of something – even though it dislodged [itself] or rolled, and the object left and [so] went from a private domain to another private domain – it is surely like it stopped in the public domain. Hence he is liable. Likewise, one who throws from a public domain to [another] public domain, with a private domain in the middle, is exempt. But if the object passed through below three [handbreadths] adjacent to the ground and it rested on top of something – even though it proceeded to dislodge [itself] or rolled and went to another public domain – it is surely like it stopped in the private domain. Hence he is liable.

יז הַמַּעֲבִיר אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים זוֹ עִם רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים הַשְּׁנִיָּה חַיָּב מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת בִּשְׁתֵּי רְשׁוּיוֹת הָרַבִּים מִצְטָרְפִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נָח הַחֵפֶץ בָּרְשׁוּת שֶׁבֵּינֵיהֶן:

17 One who passes [an object] four ells in this public domain [together] with another public domain is liable. For four ells in two domains combine, since the object did not rest in the [private] domain between them.

יח הַמּוֹשִׁיט מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בָּאֶמְצַע חַיָּב. וַאֲפִלּוּ הוֹשִׁיט לְמַעְלָה מֵאֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. שֶׁכֵּן הָיְתָה עֲבוֹדַת הַלְוִיִּם בַּמִּשְׁכָּן מוֹשִׁיטִין אֶת הַקְּרָשִׁים מֵעֲגָלָה לַעֲגָלָה וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בֵּין שְׁתֵּי הָעֲגָלוֹת וְכָל עֲגָלָה וַעֲגָלָה רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד הִיא:

18 One who extends [an object] from a private domain to [another] with a public domain in between is liable – and even if he extends [it] above the airspace of the public domain. As such was the work of the Levites in the Tabernacle: They would extend the boards from one wagon to [another] with a public domain between the two wagons; and each and every wagon was a private domain.

יט בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים כְּשֶׁהָיוּ שְׁתֵּי רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בְּאֹרֶךְ רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָעֲגָלוֹת מְהַלְּכוֹת בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים זוֹ אַחַר זוֹ. אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ שְׁתֵּי הָרְשֻׁיּוֹת בִּשְׁנֵי צִדֵּי רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אַף הַמּוֹשִׁיט מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד זוֹ לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד שֶׁכְּנֶגְדָּהּ פָּטוּר:

19 To what are these words applicable? When the two private domains were along the length of the public domain, like the wagons that traveled through the public domain one behind another. But if the two [private] domains were on the two sides of the public domain, even one who extends [an object] from this private domain to the private domain across it is exempt.

כ שָׁכַח וּפָשַׁט יָדוֹ וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵּרוֹת וְהוֹצִיאָהּ מֵחָצֵר זוֹ לְהַכְנִיסָהּ לֶחָצֵר שֶׁבְּצִדָּהּ וְנִזְכַּר קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּכְנִיס וַהֲרֵי יָדוֹ תְּלוּיָה בַּאֲוִיר רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מֻתָּר לְהַחֲזִירָהּ אֵלָיו לַחֲצֵרוֹ. אֲבָל לְהַכְנִיסָהּ לְאוֹתָהּ הֶחָצֵר הַשְּׁנִיָּה אָסוּר. כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ שֶׁחָשַׁב בִּשְׁעַת שְׁגָגָה. וְאִם הוֹצִיא יָדוֹ בְּמֵזִיד הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר לְהַחֲזִירָהּ אֶצְלוֹ אֶלָּא קָנְסוּ אוֹתוֹ שֶׁתְּהֵא יָדוֹ תְּלוּיָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ:

20 If one forgot [that it was forbidden] and extended his hand when it was full of produce and took it out from this courtyard to bring it into a courtyard to its side, but he remembered before he brought it in – such that his hand is surely suspended in the airspace of the public domain – it is permissible to bring it back to himself into his courtyard. But it is forbidden to bring it into the other courtyard, such that he not fulfill the thought that he had at the time of his inadvertence. However, if he took it out volitionally, it is surely forbidden to bring it back towards himself. Rather, they penalized him that his hand should [remain] suspended until [nightfall].

כא הַמִּתְכַּוֵּן לִזְרֹק שְׁמוֹנֶה אַמּוֹת בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְנָח הַחֵפֶץ בְּסוֹף אַרְבַּע חַיָּב שֶׁהֲרֵי נַעֲשָׂה כְּשִׁעוּר הַמְּלָאכָה וְנַעֲשֵׂית מַחֲשַׁבְתּוֹ. שֶׁהַדָּבָר יָדוּעַ שֶׁאֵין זֶה הַחֵפֶץ מַגִּיעַ לְסוֹף שְׁמוֹנֶה עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר עַל כָּל מָקוֹם וּמָקוֹם מִכָּל הַשְּׁמוֹנֶה. אֲבָל אִם נִתְכַּוֵּן לִזְרֹק אַרְבַּע וְנָח הַחֵפֶץ בְּסוֹף שְׁמוֹנֶה פָּטוּר. לְפִי שֶׁנָּח בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁלֹּא חָשַׁב שֶׁתַּעֲבֹר בּוֹ וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁתָּנוּחַ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם חָשַׁב בְּעֵת זְרִיקָה שֶׁיָּנוּחַ הַחֵפֶץ בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיִּרְצֶה חַיָּב:

21 One who intends to throws an object eight ells in the public domain but it lands at the end of four is liable. For the [requisite] amount of the forbidden work was done, and his thought was [also] done: As the matter is well-known that this object will not reach the end of eight [ells] until it passes each and every place [within] all of the eight. However if he intended to throw the object four, but it landed at the end of eight, he is exempt. For it landed in a place through which he did not think it would pass – all the more so, land. Hence if – when he threw the object – he thought that it should land anyplace it wants, he is liable.

כב זָרַק לְתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל חוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת פָּטוּר. זָרַק חוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְנִתְגַּלְגֵּל לְתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת אִם נָח עַל גַּבֵּי מַשֶּׁהוּ חוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִתְגַּלְגֵּל וְנִכְנַס לְתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת חַיָּב וְאִם לֹא נָח כְּלָל הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר:

22 If one threw [something] four ells and it rolled out of the four ells, he is exempt. If he threw [it] outside of the four ells and it rolled [back] into [the] four ells: If it rested on top of something outside of the four ells, and afterwards rolled and entered the four ells, he is liable. But it did not rest at all, he is surely exempt.

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